Hypolipidemic Effects of Modified Psyllium Preparations

Abstract

The hypolipidemic effects of two solid-state enzymatically modified psyllium preparations were compared to that of the original psyllium husks in hamsters. Hamsters were ad libitum fed 0.2 wt % cholesterol diets formulated to contain 12% cellulose or 5% cellulose plus 7% raw or enzymatically modified psyllium preparations. Psyllium additions to the diet did not significantly alter food consumption or the weekly mean hamster weight over the 5 weeks of feeding. However, the total weight gained over 35 days of feeding of modified psyllium Y-26-4, one of the modified psyllium preparations, was significantly lower, 48, 47, and 32% than that for the cellulose, raw psyllium, and modified psyllium Y-24-3 groups, respectively. At 35 days, psyllium feeding significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 50-100% in comparison to cellulose feeding, with no significant differences between the psyllium preparations. Fecal dry weight was unaffected by dietary treatment. At days 29-31, fecal bile acid excretion was significantly increased by 30-70% with all three psyllium diets, with no significant differences between psyllium preparations. These results suggest that improving the functional properties of psyllium by solid-state enzymatic procedures, such that its incorporation into food products is feasible, does not alter psyllium-mediated hypolipidemic effects.

In vitro binding of bile acids and triglycerides by selected chitosan preparations and their physico-chemical properties

“…Swelling capacity measured as the swell volume was included in this research because it has served as a measurement to predict the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of dietary fibers (Allen et al, 2004). The swelling capacity of chitosan was measured as the swell volume.…”

“…The interference of lymphytic absorption of cholesterol and fatty acids is believed partially due to the capacity of chitosan to directly bind all lipid components of micelles including triglycerides, cholesterol, and bile acids (Kritchevsky, 1987). It is also well known that the dietary fibers that are able to swell or gel in an aqueous system may reduce the gastrointestinal transition time and reduce the absorption of fat and cholesterol (Allen, Bristow, & Yu, 2004;Gallaher, Munion, Hesslink, Wise, & Gallaher, 2000).…”

Effects of the insoluble fiber derived fromPassiflora edulis seed on plasma and hepatic lipids and fecal output

“…352; Sigma Chemical), and serum triglycerides (Merckotest 14354; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were determined enzymatically using commercial assay kits. Concentration of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was determined using the method as described by Allen et al [16].…”

Acid treatment to improve psyllium functionality

“…Later in 2004, the two psyllium samples prepared through 1756-4646/$ -see front matter Ó 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2008.09.007 the solid-state enzymatic reactions were as effective as the original psyllium in reducing the plasma and LDL cholesterol levels in hamsters without significantly altering the total food intake (Allen et al, 2004). These previous studies demonstrate the potential to improve psyllium functionality without loss of its beneficial properties through structure modification.…”

“…Binding of bile acids by a fibre matrix enhances their excretion, and may stimulate the conversion of cholesterol to bile acid, which may reduce the total plasma and LDL cholesterol. Reduced plasma and LDL cholesterol levels are associated with reduced risk of heart diseases (Allen et al, 2004;Zhou et al, 2006). The acid-treated psyllium samples were evaluated for their in vitro binding capacities against selected bile acids, namely cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids.…”