Hypomagnesemia and Poor Glycemic Control Among Palestinian Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Hypomagnesemia has been shown to have a significant impact on both glycemic control and diabetes complications in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aims to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM patients and find the association between serum magnesium levels and outcomes relevant to glycemic control and diabetic complications.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and included 373 patients (222 males and 151 females). Serum magnesium levels were measured by the Colorimetric Endpoint Method using the Cobas C501system. Hypomagnesemia was determined to be a serum magnesium level <1.6 mg/dL. In addition, the following data were also obtained; patients' characteristics, anthropometric measurements, smoking status, HbA1c, co-morbidities, and therapeutic management. Results: Patients' mean age was 56.2 ±10.8 years, 24.6% were smokers, and most were overweight or obese. About 60% have a history of hypertension, and the majority have had diabetes for more than ten years. Their mean HbA1c level was 8.5±2. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia was 11% (95% CI: 8%-14.6%). It was found to be significantly higher among females (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.2%-5.8%), patients with HbA1c ≥ 8% (adjusted OR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.1%-5.5%), and patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.1%-7.1%). Conclusions: the study showed that hypomagnesemia is more prevalent in females and is associated with diabetic retinopathy and poor glycemic control. Having a sufficient magnesium level may be associated with better glycemic control and a reduced occurrence of complications.

How the kidney regulates magnesium: a modelling study

“…As a result, females are more sensitive than males to inhibition of TRPM6 ( figure 3 ). This result is consistent with the observation that hypomagnesemia is more prevalent among female patients with diabetes than males [ 72 – 74 ]. Insulin upregulates TRPM6 activity; thus, patients with lower insulin receptor activity are more susceptible to hypomagnesemia [ 75 ].…”

Effect of Intraoperative Magnesium Sulfate Administration on Blood Glucose Control following Total Joint Arthroplasty in Patients with Diabetes

“…In the subgroup analysis of the patients with poor glycemic control, the magnesium group showed a better postoperative blood glucose profile than the control group did, which highlighted the value of magnesium sulfate administration. Here, the effect of intraoperative magnesium sulfate on the mean postoperative blood glucose level seemed to be more pronounced in patients with higher preoperative HbA1c levels, which may be owing to hypomagnesemia being associated with poor glycemic control and more prevalent among patients with HbA1c levels of ≥8.0% [ 23 , 31 ].…”