Background: Hypomagnesemia has been shown to have a significant impact on both glycemic control and diabetes complications in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aims to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM patients and find the association between serum magnesium levels and outcomes relevant to glycemic control and diabetic complications.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and included 373 patients (222 males and 151 females). Serum magnesium levels were measured by the Colorimetric Endpoint Method using the Cobas C501system. Hypomagnesemia was determined to be a serum magnesium level <1.6 mg/dL. In addition, the following data were also obtained; patients' characteristics, anthropometric measurements, smoking status, HbA1c, co-morbidities, and therapeutic management. Results: Patients' mean age was 56.2 ±10.8 years, 24.6% were smokers, and most were overweight or obese. About 60% have a history of hypertension, and the majority have had diabetes for more than ten years. Their mean HbA1c level was 8.5±2. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia was 11% (95% CI: 8%-14.6%). It was found to be significantly higher among females (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.2%-5.8%), patients with HbA1c ≥ 8% (adjusted OR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.1%-5.5%), and patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.1%-7.1%). Conclusions: the study showed that hypomagnesemia is more prevalent in females and is associated with diabetic retinopathy and poor glycemic control. Having a sufficient magnesium level may be associated with better glycemic control and a reduced occurrence of complications.

Background/Aim: Hypomagnesaemia has been shown to have a significant impact on both glycaemic control and diabetes complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aims to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesaemia in T2DM patients and find the association between serum magnesium levels and outcomes relevant to glycaemic control and diabetic complications in primary care unit. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and included 373 patients (222 males and 151 females) from primary care unit. Serum magnesium levels were measured by the colorimetric endpoint method using the Cobas C501 system. Hypomagnesaemia was determined to be a serum magnesium level <1.6 mg/dL. In addition, the following data was also obtained: patients’ characteristics, anthropometric measurements, smoking status, HbA1c, comorbidities and therapeutic management. Results: Patients’ mean age was 56.2 ± 10.8 years, 24.6% were smokers, and most were overweight or obese. About 60% have a history of hypertension, and the majority have had diabetes for more than 10 years. Their mean HbA1c level was 8.5 ± 2%. The prevalence of hypomagnesaemia was 11% (95% CI: 8%–14.6%). It was found to be significantly higher among females (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.2%–5.8%), patients with HbA1c ≥8% (adjusted OR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.1%–5.5%) and patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.1%–7.1%). Conclusion: The study showed that hypomagnesaemia is more prevalent in females and is associated with diabetic retinopathy and poor glycaemic control. Having a sufficient magnesium level may be associated with better glycaemic control and a reduced occurrence of complications.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescent students in the West Bank region of Palestine, focusing on the effect of using electronic devices on their mental health. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,140 adolescents. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, electronic device use, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire. To explore the independent association between anxiety and depression and numerous independent characteristics, we computed odds ratios (O.R.s) and their 95% confidence intervals (C.I.s) using a binary logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety was 35.4% [95%CI: 32.7-38.3%], and moderate to severe depression was 23.9% [95%CI: 21.4 -26.4%]. Anxiety scores were found to be significantly higher among females [OR=3.8, 95%CI: 2.5-5.9], those with lower academic performance [OR=3.4, 95%CI: 2.1-5.4], and smokers [OR=1.9, 95%CI: 1.1-3.0]. Similarly, significantly higher depressive scores were found among females [OR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.3-3.1], those with lower academic performance [OR=3.4, 95%CI: 2.1-5.4], and smokers [OR=1.9, 95%CI: 1.3-2.8]. On the other hand, students who used electronic devices for a shorter period were less likely to be depressed [OR=.49 (95%CI: .32-.76] or anxious [OR=.47, 95%CI: .32-.69]. Conclusion: Concerning the high prevalence of anxiety and depression among adolescents and their correlation with the duration of electronic device use, we advocate the development of guidelines for device use duration used to prevent mental health consequences in this crucial age group.

Background Breast cancer affects women's lives worldwide, yet early detection is an effective strategy for reducing mortality. The participation of women in mammography screening is linked to their knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers. Objectives Our study aims to assess mammography screening uptake and barriers among women attending primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in northern Palestine. Methods Using an interviewer administered questionnaire, we used a cross-sectional study design to determine mammography screening uptake, knowledge and barriers among 357 women attending PHCs in Northern Palestine between December 2018 and March 2019. Results The mean age was 50 years. The majority (69.2%) were considered to have adequate knowledge about breast cancer and mammography screening. Mammography screening uptake among the participants was 37%. Almost 85% of the women had a positive attitude towards breastfeeding as a prophylaxis factor against breast cancer, while the most frequent barrier to mammography screening was that the participants believed they did not have any symptoms (28.6%), followed by 22.1% of them who did not want to know if they had breast cancer. Conclusion The findings of this study highlighted the low mammography uptake among Palestinian women despite the adequate knowledge of those women and the fully accessible and free screening programme. Hence, interventional strategies should be implemented at several levels to enhance mammogram uptake.

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