Hypoxia Induced by Upconversion‐Based Photodynamic Therapy: Towards Highly Effective Synergistic Bioreductive Therapy in Tumors

Liu, Yanyan; Liu, Yong; Bu, Wenbo; Cheng, Chao; Zuo, Chuantao; Xiao, Qingfeng; Sun, Yong; Ni, Dalong; Zhang, Chen; Liu, Jianan; Shi, Jianlin

doi:10.1002/anie.201500478

Cited by 396 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…219-222 Although in this review article we have discussed various strategies based on NPs for efficient MRI, there has been no literature report on hypoxia-responsive NPs as MRI CAs except on several chemical complexes for hypoxia-related MRI such as T 1 or T 2 CAs, 223 19 F-based probes, 224 and CEST probes. 86 We believe that research on this subject is likely already in progress, and the NPs that respond to hypoxia via , for example, valency change, size/morphology variation, assembly, and disassembly for enhanced MRI, will likely play multiple roles in accurate and noninvasive delineation of hypoxic areas, more precise and effective treatment, and real-time and noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering of inorganic nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

et al. 2017

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly valuable non-invasive imaging tool owing to its exquisite soft tissue contrast, high spatial resolution, lack of ionizing radiation, and wide clinical applicability. Contrast agents (CAs) can be used to further enhance the sensitivity of MRI to obtain information-rich images. Recently, extensive research efforts have been focused on the design and synthesis of high-performance inorganic nanoparticle-based CAs to improve the quality and specificity of MRI. Herein, the basic rules, including the choice of metal ions, effect of electron motion on water relaxation, and involved mechanisms, of CAs for MRI have been elucidated in detail. In particular, various design principles, including size control, surface modification (e.g. organic ligand, silica shell, and inorganic nanolayers), and shape regulation, to impact relaxation of water molecules have been discussed in detail. Comprehensive understanding of how these factors work can guide the engineering of future inorganic nanoparticles with high relaxivity. Finally, we have summarized the currently available strategies and their mechanism for obtaining high-performance CAs and discussed the challenges and future developments of nanoparticulate CAs for clinical translation in MRI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering of inorganic nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

et al. 2017

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“…[3] One reason for the limited application of the method is the fact that PDT requires oxygen, but most tumors develop regions of severe hypoxia where photosensitized singlet oxygen generation would not be expected. [4] More problematic is the fact that PDT itself,by rapidly using intracellular oxygen reserves,c reates acute hypoxia. [5] Many studies suggest that fractional (intermittent) delivery of light might be ab etter approach to PDT.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Bifunctional Photosensitizer for Enhanced Fractional Photodynamic Therapy: Singlet Oxygen Generation in the Presence and Absence of Light

et al. 2016

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The photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen within tumor tissues during photodynamic therapy( PDT) is self-limiting,a st he already lowo xygen concentrations within tumors is further diminished during the process.I nc ertain applications,t om inimize photoinduced hypoxia the light is introduced intermittently (fractional PDT) to allowt ime for the replenishment of cellular oxygen. This condition extends the time required for effective therapy. Herein, we demonstrated that ap hotosensitizer with an additional 2-pyridone module for trapping singlet oxygen would be useful in fractional PDT.T hus,i nt he light cycle,t he endoperoxide of 2-pyridone is generated along with singlet oxygen. In the dark cycle,t he endoperoxideu ndergoes thermal cycloreversion to produce singlet oxygen, regenerating the 2-pyridone module. As aresult, the photodynamic process can continue in the dark as well as in the light cycles.Cell-culture studies validated this working principle in vitro.

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“…silicon phthalocyanine dihydroxide, SPCD) and a bioreductive prodrug (tirapazamine, TPZ) (Figure 7B). In fact, the TPZ prodrug could be stimulated by various intracellular reductase enzymes to produce highly cytotoxic free-radical intermediate species under hypoxic conditions 137. Upon 980 nm laser illumination, a remarkable tumor therapeutic effect was achieved owing to UCNPs-based PDT under normal oxygen environment followed by the TPZ-induced cytotoxicity when oxygen is exhausted by PDT under hypoxia tumor environment.…”

Section: Near-infrared (Nir) Light-mediated Theranosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances of Light-Mediated Theranostics

Ai¹,

Mu²,

Xing³

2016

Theranostics

189

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Currently, precision theranostics have been extensively demanded for the effective treatment of various human diseases. Currently, efficient therapy at the targeted disease areas still remains challenging since most available drug molecules lack of selectivity to the pathological sites. Among different approaches, light-mediated therapeutic strategy has recently emerged as a promising and powerful tool to precisely control the activation of therapeutic reagents and imaging probes in vitro and in vivo, mostly attributed to its unique properties including minimally invasive capability and highly spatiotemporal resolution. Although it has achieved initial success, the conventional strategies for light-mediated theranostics are mostly based on the light with short wavelength (e.g., UV or visible light), which may usually suffer from several undesired drawbacks, such as limited tissue penetration depth, unavoidable light absorption/scattering and potential phototoxicity to healthy tissues, etc. Therefore, a near-infrared (NIR) light-mediated approach on the basis of long-wavelength light (700-1000 nm) irradiation, which displays deep-tissue penetration, minimized photo-damage and low autofluoresence in living systems, has been proposed as an inspiring alternative for precisely phototherapeutic applications in the last decades. Despite numerous NIR light-responsive molecules have been currently proposed for clinical applications, several inherent drawbacks, such as troublesome synthetic procedures, low water solubility and limited accumulation abilities in targeted areas, heavily restrict their applications in deep-tissue therapeutic and imaging studies. Thanks to the amazing properties of several nanomaterials with large extinction coefficient in the NIR region, the construction of NIR light responsive nanoplatforms with multifunctions have become promising approaches for deep-seated diseases diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we summarized various light-triggered theranostic strategies and introduced their great advances in biomedical applications in recent years. Moreover, some other promising light-assisted techniques, such as photoacoustic and Cerenkov radiation, were also systemically discussed. Finally, the potential challenges and future perspectives for light-mediated deep-tissue diagnosis and therapeutics were proposed.

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Hypoxia Induced by Upconversion‐Based Photodynamic Therapy: Towards Highly Effective Synergistic Bioreductive Therapy in Tumors

Cited by 396 publications

References 27 publications

Engineering of inorganic nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Engineering of inorganic nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

A Bifunctional Photosensitizer for Enhanced Fractional Photodynamic Therapy: Singlet Oxygen Generation in the Presence and Absence of Light

Recent Advances of Light-Mediated Theranostics

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