Hysteretic nonlinearity analysis in damaged composite plates using guided waves

Abstract

Sensitivity of nonlinear acoustic methods to the presence and the evolution of micro-damage has been proven in various studies on a wide range of materials. In this contribution, a guided wave approach is proposed to characterize polymer based composite plates taken at intact as well as damaged states. The changes in the nonlinear hysteretic parameters are observed by changing the order of the excited flexural resonances. The analysis is based on the evolution of the velocity frequency dispersion of the generated guided waves, where flexural modes are considered separately and together as a function of the dynamic strain.

Influence of fiber orientation on the inherent acoustic nonlinearity in carbon fiber reinforced composites

“…Following this, several researchers have used NEWS techniques to detect and quantify damage in composites and other materials. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Van Den Abeele demonstrated the use of NEWS techniques for detecting damage in fiber cemented plates. The hysteresis behavior along with non-classical nonlinear indicators were summarized.…”

Propagation of flexural waves in inhomogeneous plates exhibiting hysteretic nonlinearity: Nonlinear acoustic black holes

“…The lowest order nonlinearity which is currently under the consideration for flexural motion in homogeneous materials is classical cubic elastic nonlinearity (of odd-type in its symmetry and cubic in its dependence on the wave amplitude) [39][40][41]. The theories of flexural waves, which include the classical elastic nonlinearities only, could be not relevant for the flexural waves propagation in micro-inhomogeneous plates where other types of nonlinearities, i.e., nonclassical nonlinearities, could dominate [28,31]. Of particular importance could be the so-called hysteretic quadratic nonlinearity (HQNL) of odd-type in its symmetry and quadratic in its dependence on the wave amplitude [29,32,37,42], which is a paradigmatic example, even though the nonlinear absorption and dispersion mechanism by hysteretic micromechanical units is generic.…”

“…These materials are also called mesoscopic [30,31] from the acoustic point of view, when they are tested by the acoustic waves which are significantly exceeding in length the dimensions of the mechanical elements responsible for their inhomogeneity. It is well documented in the literature that the nonlinear absorption can dominate over the linear one in the acoustic resonance experiments, i.e., in standing waves [23,25,26,28,32,33], causing the increase in the width of the resonance significantly beyond the linear resonance width. However, important nonlinear absorption was also revealed in the travelling acoustic waves both in the microstructured and nanostructured materials [21,22,27,34,35].…”

“…However the question on a possible role of the nonlinear acoustic absorption in the black hole phenomena has not been studied yet to our knowledge. There are multiple classic [15][16][17][18] and modern [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] studies of the nonlinear acoustic absorption (nonlinear ''internal friction'' in classical terminology) in various kind of micro-inhomogeneous [20,26,29] materials, where the important role in the mechanical motion is played by dislocations, grain boundaries, inter-grain contacts, cracks, etc., i.e., by the mechanical elements that are significantly larger in dimensions than interatomic distances in the sample but, at the same time, are significantly smaller than the sample dimensions. These materials are also called mesoscopic [30,31] from the acoustic point of view, when they are tested by the acoustic waves which are significantly exceeding in length the dimensions of the mechanical elements responsible for their inhomogeneity.…”

Inherent acoustic nonlinearity of fiber reinforced composites

“…They called this class of materials as mesoscopic materials where the elastic behavior was controlled by mesoscopic elements along the grain boundary. Following this, several researchers have used NEWS techniques to detect and quantify damage in composites and other materials [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Van Den Abeele demonstrated the use of NEWS techniques for detecting damage in fiber cemented plates.…”