<i>Aerococcus urinae</i> in bovine reproductive disease

Twomey, D. F.; Wessels, Mark; Hogg, RA; Edwards, Gareth; Willmington, J. A.; Anscombe, Jane; Mitchell, Erik T.; Parmar, D. D. G.; Holliman, Andrew

doi:10.1136/vr.163.16.492

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…S. maltophilia can be found in soil, water, and the plant rhizosphere where, along with other genera like Aeromonas, Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Clostridium, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Streptomyces, it is a potent chitinase producer and degrades the chitin in the cell walls of fungi and insect detritus . Bacteria from some of those other genera along with S. maltophilia have all been isolated from clinical and experimental EAFL cases (Chapters 5,8). The isolation of S.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of those cases with a presumptive diagnosis and positive culture, 18/47 (38%) had polymicrobial results. Isolating more than one organism may be multifactorial including more than one organism is involved in the infection as 271 was seen in clinical and experimental cases of EAFL, post-mortem spread of organisms, or contamination at the time of collection (Chapters 5,8). Organisms isolated from focal mucoid placentitis cases (3) were also isolated from C-EAFL and CP-EAFL cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A small percentage of experimental ascending placentitis cases also have acute inflammation in the amnion and umbilical cord however, all EAFL cases have a degree of inflammation in these areas and experimentally setal fragments were often present in the cervical pole region (Calderwood Mays et al, 2005;Chapter 7). In addition, E. coli was isolated from confirmed clinical cases of EAFL as well as experimentally induced cases (Chapters 5,8). Therefore, the migration of setal fragment(s) from the GIT into the cervical pole region may have allowed E. coli, as an opportunistic pathogen, access to the foetal membranes instigating the inflammatory reaction .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dual species of bacteria have been found to grow on chitin added to soil and in marine environments where one organism degrades the chitin with chitinases while the other organism without chitinases utilizes the resulting monosaccharides and protection of the biofilm (Everuss et al, 2008;Sato et al, 2010b). A prime example may be the dual isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila, a chitinase producer, and Lactobacillus salivarius, a species known to have CBP, from the stomach contents and lungs of Foetus 3 (Chapters 6,8). Additionally, Enterococcus cancerogenous, isolated from the stomach contents of Foetus 11 along with St. gallolyticus subsp.…”

Section: Chitinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The histopathology of 1 untreated and six treated mares and the resulting abortions, euthanized foetuses, or compromised foals were examined in these studies to determine the effect of oral exposure to processionary caterpillars. The treated mares were selected from the two experiments involving whole caterpillars and euthanized on sequential days of 2,4,8,10,12, and 24 from the first treatment. The euthanized foetuses, abortions, stillborn and compromised foals resulting from all three experiments were also examined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathology of equine amnionitis and foetal lLoss: clinical and experimental studies

Todhunter¹

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Detailed experience in identifying the appearance of setal fragments which is highlighted under toluidine blue staining allowed in depth examination of tissues from equine abortions submitted for examination in 2012. Five cases were found in which a caterpillar setal fragment was found in the allantochorion confirming that setal fragments migrate from field exposure as well as experimental exposure to processionary caterpillars.The experiments in this thesis have shown histologically for the first time, the ability of Processionary caterpillar setae to penetrate the maternal gut wall and migrate directly into the uterus and placental tissues. This is considered to be the most likely means of translocation of bacteria to the foetal membranes. The direct, rapid migration of setae in as little as two days from ingestion from the gut to the placenta facilitates bacterial infection.Bacteria present in the mare's gut likely attach to migrating setal fragments and translocate through the gut wall, the uterus and the foetal membranes in which they subsequently colonize. Incomplete migration of setal fragments may account for the focal mucoid placentitis induced when mares were exposed in early gestation. Bacterial colonization of 5 the foetal membranes and/or foetus may cause foetal compromise or death and eventual abortion.The variety of manifestations of EAFL due to the migration of setal fragments ranging from acute abortion, chronic active placentitis, stillbirth, compromised preterm and full term foals, and focal mucoid placentitis have a significant impact on the breeding of horses and ultimately the racing industry in Australia.6

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%