<i>Arabidopsis</i> TOR signaling is essential for sugar‐regulated callus formation

Lee, Kyoung-Hee; Seo, Pil Joon

doi:10.1111/jipb.12560

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…High levels of sugar lead to the activation of trehalose-6-phosphate and TOR protein kinase, and the upregulation of trehalose-6-phosphate and TOR protein kinase expression is important for cell growth in plants. It has been reported that trehalose-6-phosphate plays an essential role in the growth of A. thaliana [33,34], and a lack of trehalose-6-phosphate or TOR kinases inhibits growth and transition to the reproductive phase [35,36]. Additionally, sugar has been shown to reduce water movement, which affects leaf growth [37].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphoproteomic analysis of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) reveals starch and sucrose metabolism functions during bolting induced by high temperature

Qin

Shaochuan³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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High temperatures induce early bolting in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), which decreases both quality and production. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanism underlying high temperature promotes premature bolting is lacking. In this study, we compared lettuce during the bolting period induced by high temperatures (33/25 °C, day/night) to which raised under controlled temperatures (20/13 °C, day/night) using iTRAQ-based phosphoproteomic analysis. A total of 3,814 phosphorylation sites located on 1,766 phosphopeptides from 987 phosphoproteins were identified after high-temperature treatment,among which 217 phosphoproteins significantly changed their expression abundance (116 upregulated and 101 downregulated). Most phosphoproteins for which the abundance was altered were associated with the metabolic process, with the main molecular functions were catalytic activity and transporter activity. Regarding the functional pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism was the mainly enriched signaling pathways. Hence, high temperature influenced phosphoprotein activity, especially that associated with starch and sucrose metabolism. We suspected that the lettuce shorten its growth cycle and reduce vegetative growth owing to changes in the contents of starch and soluble sugar after high temperature stress, which then led to early bolting/flowering. These findings improve our understanding of the regulatory molecular mechanisms involved in lettuce bolting.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphoproteomic analysis of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) reveals starch and sucrose metabolism functions during bolting induced by high temperature

Qin

Shaochuan³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…TOR functions as a sensor/regulator of the cellular levels of energy-rich compounds and the redox state [68,[98][99][100][101][102]. Yeasts and mammals contain two complexes, namely TORC1 and TORC2, but only one complex (TORC1) is known in A. thaliana [68,99].…”

Section: Receiving and Transmitting The Signals Triggered By Sugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yeasts and mammals contain two complexes, namely TORC1 and TORC2, but only one complex (TORC1) is known in A. thaliana [68,99]. In plants, changes in TOR expression lead to alterations in the growth and development, starting from embryonic development to senescence [48,97,[99][100][101]. The TOR kinases form complexes with other proteins, for example, with RAPTOR1 [99].…”

Section: Receiving and Transmitting The Signals Triggered By Sugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory roles of sugars in plant growth and development

Ciereszko

2018

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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In recent years, several studies have focused on the factors and mechanisms that regulate plant growth and development, as well as the functioning of signaling pathways in plant cells, unraveling the involvement of sugars in the processes regulating such growth and development. Saccharides play an important role in the life of plants: they are structural and storage substances, respiratory substrates, and intermediate metabolites of many biochemical processes. Sucrose is the major transport form of assimilates in plants. Sugars can also play an important role in the defense reactions of plants. However, it has been shown that glucose, sucrose, or trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) can regulate a number of growth and metabolic processes, acting independently of the basal functions; they can also act as signaling molecules. Changes in the concentration, qualitative composition, and transport of sugars occur continuously in plant tissues, during the day and night, as well as during subsequent developmental stages. Plants have developed an efficient system of perception and transmission of signals induced by lower or higher sugar availability. Changes in their concentration affect cell division, germination, vegetative growth, flowering, and aging processes, often independently of the metabolic functions. Currently, the mechanisms of growth regulation in plants, dependent on the access to sugars, are being increasingly recognized. The plant growth stimulating system includes hexokinase (as a glucose sensor), trehalose-6-phosphate, and TOR protein kinase; the lack of Tre6P or TOR kinase inhibits the growth of plants and their transition to the generative phase. It is believed that the plant growth inhibition system consists of SnRK1 protein kinases and C/S1 bZIP transcription factors. The signal transduction routes induced by sugars interact with other pathways in plant tissues (for example, hormonal pathways) creating a complex communication and signaling network in plants that precisely controls plant growth and development.

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“…The definite confirmation that callus formation during DNSO shares the molecular pathway with the initiation of LRP in ontogenic development came when it was shown that LBD16, LBD17, LBD18 and LBD29 were dramatically upregulated on CIM in Arabidopsis root explants, and that the ectopic expression of either of these four genes was able to induce callus formation on media without the addition of plant growth regulators [46]. The role of the ARF/LBD-activated expression of E2Fa was also confirmed in callus formation in Arabidopsis [47]. Furthermore, it was reported that the auxin-mediated induction of LBD29 in Arabidopsis activates an array of various genes leading to callus formation, most importantly those related to ROS metabolism, lipid metabolism, cell wall hydrolysis and methylation [48].…”

Section: Initiation Of Pluripotent Primordia Relies On the Activity Of Auxin-regulated Genes Lbd Wox And Pltmentioning

confidence: 91%

Integrating the Roles for Cytokinin and Auxin in De Novo Shoot Organogenesis: From Hormone Uptake to Signaling Outputs

Raspor

Motyka

Kaleri

et al. 2021

IJMS

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De novo shoot organogenesis (DNSO) is a procedure commonly used for the in vitro regeneration of shoots from a variety of plant tissues. Shoot regeneration occurs on nutrient media supplemented with the plant hormones cytokinin (CK) and auxin, which play essential roles in this process, and genes involved in their signaling cascades act as master regulators of the different phases of shoot regeneration. In the last 20 years, the genetic regulation of DNSO has been characterized in detail. However, as of today, the CK and auxin signaling events associated with shoot regeneration are often interpreted as a consequence of these hormones simply being present in the regeneration media, whereas the roles for their prior uptake and transport into the cultivated plant tissues are generally overlooked. Additionally, sucrose, commonly added to the regeneration media as a carbon source, plays a signaling role and has been recently shown to interact with CK and auxin and to affect the efficiency of shoot regeneration. In this review, we provide an integrative interpretation of the roles for CK and auxin in the process of DNSO, adding emphasis on their uptake from the regeneration media and their interaction with sucrose present in the media to their complex signaling outputs that mediate shoot regeneration.

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Arabidopsis TOR signaling is essential for sugar‐regulated callus formation

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Phosphoproteomic analysis of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) reveals starch and sucrose metabolism functions during bolting induced by high temperature

Phosphoproteomic analysis of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) reveals starch and sucrose metabolism functions during bolting induced by high temperature

Regulatory roles of sugars in plant growth and development

Integrating the Roles for Cytokinin and Auxin in De Novo Shoot Organogenesis: From Hormone Uptake to Signaling Outputs

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