<i>Babesia</i>sp. EU1 from Roe Deer and Transmission within<i>Ixodes ricinus</i>

Bonnet, Sarah; Jouglin, Maggy; L’Hostis, Monique; Chauvin, Alain

doi:10.3201/eid1308.061560

Cited by 129 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…EU1, and first studies revealed prevalences of up to 30% (Bonnet et al, 2007;Duh et al, 2005b;Hoby et al, 2007b). Interestingly, the parasites seem to have a low virulence in roe deer, and it may be speculated that roe deer acts as a reservoir for the parasite affecting chamois.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin – An epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation

Schmid

Deplazes

Hoby

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin -an epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation Schmid, N Schmid, N. Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin -an epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation. 2008 Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin -an epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation AbstractIn 2005 and 2006, three adult female chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) were found dead with signs of acute babesial infection in the eastern Swiss Alps. PCR on DNA extracted from blood or spleen of the carcasses revealed sequence identity of the amplified part of the 18S rRNA gene with GenBank entries attributed to Babesia divergens of cattle origin or B. capreoli of wild ruminant origin which have never been described before in this region. Examination of 424 blood samples from 314 head of cattle from this area by IFAT, microscopy and PCR provided no evidence for babesial infection. Six of 887 ticks collected from cattle were PCR-positive, and sequencing revealed Babesia sp. genotype EU1 in five and B. divergens/B. capreoli in one of them. A Babesia isolate of chamois, two isolates of roe deer from the same region and one isolate of a roe deer from the north-western Swiss Alps were genetically compared with two Swiss B. divergens isolates of cattle origin by analysing the genomic rDNA locus. Whereas the near full length sequences of the 18S rRNA gene were virtually identical among all six isolates (>99.4% identity), distinct differences between the two isolates from cattle on the one hand and the four isolates from free-ranging ruminants on the other hand were observed in the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2) and part of the 28S rRNA gene. These results indicate that, albeit genetically very closely related, these babesial organisms from cattle and from free-ranging ruminants indeed are distinguishable organisms with different host specificities, and they support the use of the discrete species name B. capreoli for the B. divergens-like organisms from chamois and roe deer. were virtually identical among all six isolates (>99.4% identity), distinct differences between the two isolates from cattle on the one hand and the four isolates from freeranging ruminants on the other hand were observed in the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2) and part of the 28S rRNA gene. These results indicate that, albeit genetically very closely related, these babesial organisms from cattle and from free-ranging ruminants indeed are distinguishable organisms with different host specificities, and they support the use of the discrete species name B. capreoli for the B. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin – An epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation

Schmid

Deplazes

Hoby

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…For Babesia sp. EU1, biological evidence of natural transmission by I. ricinus ticks is still lacking; its presence has been assessed only by DNA amplifi cation from whole ticks (4,(6)(7)(8). Therefore, to analyze transmission of zoonotic Babesia spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Among these pathogens, 2 zoonotic Babesia species have been described in Europe: the well-known cattle parasite Babesia divergens (1) and the more recently reported roe deer parasite Babesia sp. EU1 (2)(3)(4). Biological transmission of B. divergens by I. ricinus ticks has been proven by in vivo experimental infections (5); however, quantitative transmission studies that visualize and quantify sporozoites have never been conducted.…”

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confidence: 99%

Natural Transmission of ZoonoticBabesiaspp. byIxodes ricinusTicks

Becker¹,

Bouju-Albert²,

Jouglin³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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To determine characteristics of natural transmission of Babesia sp. EU1 and B. divergens by adult Ixodes ricinus ticks, we examined tick salivary gland contents. We found that I. ricinus is a competent vector for EU1 and that their sporozoites directly invade erythrocytes. We conclude that EU1 is naturally transmitted by I. ricinus. Ixodes ricinus is a ubiquitous triphasic tick found commonly in Europe. This arthropod feeds on a wide variety of vertebrate hosts, including small rodents and wild and domestic ungulates. It is therefore a potential vector of numerous pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, mainly apicomplexans. Among these pathogens, 2 zoonotic Babesia species have been described in Europe: the well-known cattle parasite Babesia divergens (1) and the more recently reported roe deer parasite Babesia sp. EU1 (2-4). Biological transmission of B. divergens by I. ricinus ticks has been proven by in vivo experimental infections (5); however, quantitative transmission studies that visualize and quantify sporozoites have never been conducted. For Babesia sp. EU1, biological evidence of natural transmission by I. ricinus ticks is still lacking; its presence has been assessed only by DNA amplifi cation from whole ticks (4,(6)(7)(8). Therefore, to analyze transmission of zoonotic Babesia spp. by I. ricinus ticks, we visualized, isolated, and identifi ed infectious sporozoites from dissected tick salivary glands, the transmitting organs. The StudyIn 2008, ticks were collected from animals from 2 different biotopes where each Babesia species had been known to circulate: a farm on which a herd was infected with B. divergens and a reserve on which wild fauna were infected with Babesia sp. EU1. A dairy farm in La Verrie (Vendée, France) was selected as a favorable biotope for B. divergens transmission on the basis not only of the presence of numerous ticks on cows and in pastures in 2007 but also of the parasite circulation in the herd, attested by serologic testing (prevalence of 37.5% by immunofl uorescence antibody test [IFAT]) and confi rmed by its isolation from cattle erythrocytes (prevalence 25% by culture) (9). Of the cows tested by IFAT, 56% had positive results, which indicated that new infections from ticks were occurring within the herd. Because we assumed that sporozoite differentiation is stimulated by blood ingestion and because of experimental proof that female ticks can transmit B. divergens (10), we collected only adult ticks feeding on cows. The 324 collected ticks were morphologically identifi ed as I. ricinus and weighed to estimate their repletion status (range 3-398 mg). Of these, 223 ticks (4.7-339 mg) were dissected under a stereomicroscope to isolate both salivary glands, which were subsequently crushed in 30 μL phosphate-buffered saline in a 1.5-mL microtube with an adapted pestle. A droplet of this suspension was deposited on an 18-well slide, stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa, and examined under a light microscope. When parasites were seen, and for 41 additional negative sa...

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confidence: 99%

“…EU1; Herwaldt et al 2003), B. divergens, B. capreoli (Enigk et Friedhoff, 1962 and B. odocoilei-like (Duh et al 2005, Bonnet et al 2007a, Malandrin et al 2010, Silaghi et al 2011, Zintl et al 2011, Zanet et al 2014. Babesia venatorum has been identified in roe deer, Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus) (Duh et al 2005, Bonnet et al 2007a. Babesia divergens and B. capreoli have been reported from roe deer, red deer, Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, reindeer, Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus), alpine chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus), and alpine ibex, Capra ibex (Linnaeus) (Langton et al 2003, Malandrin et al 2010, Zintl et al 2011, Michel et al 2014.…”

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confidence: 99%

The first detection of species of Babesia Starcovici, 1893 in moose, Alces alces (Linnaeus), in Norway

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Babesiosis is an emerging zoonotic disease and various wildlife species are reservoir hosts for zoonotic species of Babesia Starcovici, 1893. The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence and prevalence of Babesia spp. in moose Alces alces (Linnaeus) in two regions of Norway. A total of 99 spleen samples were collected from animals of various ages from an area with the occurrence of the tick Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758), and from an area where the ticks are known to be absent. Infection was detected by the amplification of different regions of the 18S rRNA gene by using two different PCR primer sets specific of Babesia. Babesia spp. were found in the spleen samples of four moose. All Babesia-infected animals were from an area where ticks occur, with an infection rate of 6% (4 of 70). Babesia-positive samples were obtained from a five-month old moose calf and three adults. Two Babesia species, Babesia capreoli (Enigk et Friedhoff, 1962) and a B. odocoilei-like, were identified. Co-infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum was obtained in two animals. This is the first report of the occurrence of B. capreoli and B. odocoilei-like species in moose.

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Babesiasp. EU1 from Roe Deer and Transmission withinIxodes ricinus

Abstract: We report in vitro culture of zoonotic Babesia sp. EU1 from blood samples of roe deer in France. This study provides evidence of transovarial and transstadial transmission of the parasite within Ixodes ricinus, which suggests that this tick could be a vector and reservoir of EU1.

Cited by 129 publications

References 11 publications

Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin – An epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation

Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin – An epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation

Natural Transmission of ZoonoticBabesiaspp. byIxodes ricinusTicks

The first detection of species of Babesia Starcovici, 1893 in moose, Alces alces (Linnaeus), in Norway

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