<i>Bacillus subtilis ada</i>operon encodes two DNA alkyltransferases

Morohoshi, Fumiko; Hayashi, Kenshi; Munakata, Nobuo

doi:10.1093/nar/18.18.5473

Cited by 50 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These results suggest that the Ada box must be widespread and conserved in gram-negative bacteria, because there is a high number of bacterial genera which have the ability to trigger the expression of the alkA gene of E. (oli when exposed to alkylating agents, even when some of them (e.g., Pseladomonas) are at an important taxonomic distance. The gram-positive B. slibtilis ada promoter does not, however, have a similar sequence (21). At least two explanations may be made for the absence of alkA-lacZ induction in some bacteria reported here.…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Adaptive repair is induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in several enterobacterial species (39), Bacillus subtilis (21,22), Bacillus thuringiensis (3), Micrococcus luteus (1), Streptomyces fradiae (2), Rhodobacter sphaeroides (40), Rhodobacter capsulatus (40), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8), and Xanthomonas maltophilia (8). On the other hand, a similar DNA repair system has not been found in Haemophilus influenzae (16), Salmonella typhimurium (11,39,43), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (6), Rhizobium meliloti (15), or Staphylococcus au- reus (8), although a weak induction of a 39-kDa protein immunologically related to the E. coli Ada protein has been detected in S. typhimurium (39).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Induction of the alkA gene of Escherichia coli in gram-negative bacteria

Henestrosa

Barbé

1991

J Bacteriol

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A broad-host-range plasmid containing a fusion of the alkA and lacZ genes of Escherichia coil was introduced into various aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacteria-33 species belonging to 19 genera-to study the induction of expression of the alkA gene by alkylating agents. The bacteria included species of the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Vibrionaceae, Neisseriaceae, Rhodospirillaceae, and Azotobacteraceae. Results obtained show that all bacteria tested, except Aeromonas hydrophila, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Hafnia alvei, Rhizobium meliloti, Salmonella enteritidis, Xanthomonas campestris, and those of the genus Rhodobacter, are able to induce the alkA gene of E. coli in the presence of N-methyl-N'-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine. All these data indicate that the adaptive response to alkylating agents is present in bacterial species of several families and that the Ada box sequence must be widely conserved.

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confidence: 56%

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confidence: 99%

Induction of the alkA gene of Escherichia coli in gram-negative bacteria

Henestrosa

Barbé

1991

J Bacteriol

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“…Bacteria such as those from the genus Bacillus have developed both constitutive and inducible pathways for repair of lesions resulting from DNA alkylation (146,(274)(275)(276)(278)(279)(280). The AdaA pathway is inducible and relies on a combination of methyltransferases and 3-methyl glycosylases to repair alkylation damage to DNA.…”

Section: Methyl and Alkyl Glycosylasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AlkA functions predominantly in the removal of lesions formed by alkylating agents that target nitrogen moieties, specifically 3-meA, 3-meG, and 7-meG (277). In addition to AlkA, the B. subtilis genome encodes at least four other glycosylases, which have redundant substrate repair activities as well as the ability to recognize other alkylation-based lesions (274)(275)(276)(277)(278)(279)(280). B. subtilis Aag (yxlJ) is a member of the mammalian AAG family, which is composed of 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylases (1).…”

Section: Methyl and Alkyl Glycosylasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ada response is a transcriptional response that was originally referred to as "the adaptive response to alkylation damage," because pretreatment of E. coli cells with small doses of alkylating agents guarded cells against the effects of higher doses (128,167,168,359,376,430). Nonadapted (i.e., nonpretreated) B. subtilis cells displayed higher mutation frequencies and lower viability upon exposure to alkylating agents (274)(275)(276)(277)(278)(279)(280). The B. subtilis adaAB operon encodes two separate alkyltransferases with different substrate specificities.…”

Section: Alkyltransferases and The Ada Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA Repair and Genome Maintenance in Bacillus subtilis

Lenhart

Schroeder

Walsh

et al. 2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

151

155

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SUMMARY From microbes to multicellular eukaryotic organisms, all cells contain pathways responsible for genome maintenance. DNA replication allows for the faithful duplication of the genome, whereas DNA repair pathways preserve DNA integrity in response to damage originating from endogenous and exogenous sources. The basic pathways important for DNA replication and repair are often conserved throughout biology. In bacteria, high-fidelity repair is balanced with low-fidelity repair and mutagenesis. Such a balance is important for maintaining viability while providing an opportunity for the advantageous selection of mutations when faced with a changing environment. Over the last decade, studies of DNA repair pathways in bacteria have demonstrated considerable differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Here we review and discuss the DNA repair, genome maintenance, and DNA damage checkpoint pathways of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. We present their molecular mechanisms and compare the functions and regulation of several pathways with known information on other organisms. We also discuss DNA repair during different growth phases and the developmental program of sporulation. In summary, we present a review of the function, regulation, and molecular mechanisms of DNA repair and mutagenesis in Gram-positive bacteria, with a strong emphasis on B. subtilis.

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Primary sequence and biological functions of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae O6-methylguanine/O4-methylthymine DNA repair methyltransferase gene.

et al. 1991

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We previously identified and characterized biochemically an O6‐methylguanine (O6MeG) DNA repair methyltransferase (MTase) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and showed that it recognizes both O6MeG and O4‐methylthymine (O4MeT) in vitro. Here we characterize the cloned S. cerevisiae O6MeG DNA MTase gene (MGT1) and determine its in vivo role in protecting yeast from DNA alkylation damage. We isolated a yeast DNA fragment that suppressed alkylation‐induced killing and mutation in Escherichia coli ada ogt MTase deficient mutants and produced in these cells a protein similar to the yeast MTase. The cloned yeast fragment was mapped to chromosome IV and DNA sequencing identified an open reading frame, designated MGT1, which encodes a 188 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 21,500 daltons. An 88 amino acid stretch of the MGT1 protein displays remarkable homology with four bacterial MTases and the human DNA MTase. S.cerevisiae mutants bearing an insertion in the MGT1 gene lacked DNA MTase activity and were very sensitive to alkylation induced killing and mutation. MGT1 transcript levels are not increased in response to DNA alkylation damage, nor is the MGT1 MTase involved in the regulation of the yeast 3‐methyladenine DNA glycosylase gene (MAG). Expression of the MGT1 gene in E.coli prevented the induction by alkylating agents of both G:C to A:T and A:T to G:C transition mutations indicating that this eukaryotic MTase repairs both O6MeG and O4MeT in vivo.

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Bacillus subtilis adaoperon encodes two DNA alkyltransferases

Cited by 50 publications

References 49 publications

Induction of the alkA gene of Escherichia coli in gram-negative bacteria

Induction of the alkA gene of Escherichia coli in gram-negative bacteria

DNA Repair and Genome Maintenance in Bacillus subtilis

Primary sequence and biological functions of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae O6-methylguanine/O4-methylthymine DNA repair methyltransferase gene.

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