Bifidobacterium longum CCFM1206 Promotes the Biotransformation of Glucoraphanin to Sulforaphane That Contributes to Amelioration of Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice

Abstract

Glucoraphanin, rich in broccoli seed extract (BSE), is generally inert but can be biotransformed into active sulforaphane by gut bacteria. This study aimed to screen probiotics with glucoraphanin-metabolizing ability and explore the effect of a combination of strain and BSE on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Bifidobacterium longum CCFM1206 was isolated from healthy adult feces. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Q Exactive mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of sulforaphane, sulforaphane−L-cysteine, and erucin in the BSE supernatant fermented by B. longum CCFM1206 in vitro. Combined and individual interventions of BSE and B. longum CCFM1206 were applied to explore the effects on DSS-induced colitis. The results suggested that the combination of B. longum CCFM1206 and BSE could ameliorate colitis symptoms, relieve colonic inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress, and protect the intestinal barrier in DSS-induced mice. In comparison to the BSE intervention alone, the combined intervention of B. longum CCFM1206 and BSE promoted the generation of sulforaphane and sulforaphane−N-acetylcysteine in mice colon from 220.88 ± 19.81 to 333.99 ± 36.46 nmol/g and from 232.04 ± 26.48 to 297.50 ± 40.08 nmol/g dry weight feces, respectively. According to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis, B. longum CCFM1206 and BSE effectively activated the transcription and expression of genes related to the Nrf2 signaling pathway. These results were intended to elucidate that probiotics could elevate the bioactivity of dietary phytochemicals in vivo, and the combination had potential for therapeutic treatment of colitis.

Current Knowledge on the Preparation and Benefits of Cruciferous Vegetables as Relates to In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…Similar to the findings from in vitro studies, broccoli has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and prebiotic effects against IBD in animal models ( Table 2 [ 48 , 99 , 102 , 105 , 107 , 111 , 112 , 116 , 118 , 122 , 125 , [127] , [128] , [129] , [130] , [131] , [132] , [133] , [134] , [135] , [136] , [137] , [138] , [139] , [140] , [141] ] and Figure 1 ). Both the UC and CD models use chemical triggers or genetic knockouts.…”

“… Cruciferous vegetables Image Bioactive compounds Preparation Dose Treatment period Pathways Benefits Model References purified SFN — SFN purified compound 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg 14 d IL10 activation of STATs Anti-inflammatory DSS mice [ 118 ] purified SFN — SFN purified compound 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg 19 d IL6 and TNFɑ, STAT3 and Nrf2, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. Prebiotic, Anti-inflammatory DSS mice [ 107 ] Broccoli SFN, GLR purified 600 ppm 4 wk IL1β and IL18, AMPK and PGC-1ɑ, Nrf2, HO-1, 8-OHdG Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant DSS mice [ 127 ] SFN Raw and slightly cooked 10% (w/w) 2 wk IL6, CCR2, and VCAM-1 Anti-inflammatory DSS mice [ 128 ] GLR, ITCs Freeze-dried 4.1 mg/g 7 d NQO1 Antioxidant C57BL/6 mice [ 99 ] SFN Seed extract 370 mg/kg/d 2 wk Bifidobacterium spp., Nrf2 signaling Prebiotic, Anti-inflammatory DSS mice [ 129 ] Glucobrassicin Freeze-dried 15% (w/w) 24 d AHR, Cyp1a1, IL1β, IL10, IL6, Ptgs and CXCL5, increased Actinobacteria and Alistipes …”

Bifidobacterium longum GL001 alleviates rat intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury by modulating gut microbiota composition and intestinal tissue metabolism

“…20 A combination of Bifidobacterium longum CCMF1206 and broccoli seed extract (BSE) promotes the production of sulforaphane and sulforaphane- N -acetylcysteine in the feces of colitis mice, effectively activating the transcription and expression of Nrf2 pathway-related genes, leading to anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. 21 Bifidobacterium longum BL-10-encoded antioxidative genes demonstrate strong reducing and scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anions. Oral administration can lower pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice with acute liver injury and mitigate liver damage symptoms through the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.…”

“…20 A combination of Bifidobacterium longum CCMF1206 and broccoli seed extract (BSE) promotes the production of sulforaphane and sulforaphane-N-acetylcysteine in the feces of colitis mice, effectively activating the transcription and expression of Nrf2 pathway-related genes, leading to anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. 21 Bifidobacterium longum BL-10-encoded antioxidative genes demonstrate strong reducing and scavenging…”

Sulforaphane and Sulforaphane‐Nitrile Metabolism in Humans Following Broccoli Sprout Consumption: Inter‐individual Variation, Association with Gut Microbiome Composition, and Differential Bioactivity

“…Likewise, members of Bacteroides have been shown to increase with broccoli consumption. [39,[71][72][73] Additionally, members of Bifidobacterium are known to increase with fiber consumption. [74] In fact, in vitro work has indicated that Bifidobacterium exclusively converts GLS into NITs.…”