(i) Biomechanics of the knee joint

Masouros, Spyros D.; Bull, Anthony M.J.; Amis, Andrew A.

doi:10.1016/j.mporth.2010.03.005

Cited by 84 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The rationale as to why a smaller peak knee flexion angle during weight acceptance would be detrimental for the cartilage is the potential shift in contact location. Between 0° and 30° of knee flexion, joint contact in the medial compartment can shift posteriorly with an increasing knee flexion angle . Hence, the smaller the peak knee flexion angle, the more anterior the contact location in the medial compartment of the knee.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait mechanics in those with/without medial compartment knee osteoarthritis 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Khandha

Manal

Wellsandt

et al. 2016

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The objective of the study was to evaluate differences in gait mechanics 5 years after unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, for non-osteoarthritic (n = 24) versus osteoarthritic (n = 9) subjects. For the involved knee, the osteoarthritic group demonstrated significantly lower peak knee flexion angles (non-osteoarthritic = 24.3 ± 4.6°, osteoarthritic = 19.1 ± 2.9°, p = 0.01) and peak knee flexion moments (non-osteoarthritic = 5.3 ± 1.2% Body Weight × Height, osteoarthritic = 4.4 ± 1.2% Body Weight × Height, p = 0.05). Differences in peak knee adduction moment approached significance, with a higher magnitude for the osteoarthritic group (non-osteoarthritic = 2.4 ±0.8% Body Weight × Height, osteoarthritic = 2.9 ± 0.5% Body Weight × Height, p = 0.09). Peak medial compartment joint load was evaluated using electromyography-informed neuromusculoskeletal modeling. Peak medial compartment joint load in the involved knee for the two groups was not different (non-osteoarthritic = 2.4 ± 0.4 Body Weight, osteoarthritic = 2.3 ± 0.6 Body Weight). The results suggest that subjects with dissimilar peak knee moments can have similar peak medial compartment joint load magnitudes. There was no evidence of inter-limb asymmetry for either group. Given the presence of inter-group differences (non-osteoarthritic vs. osteoarthritic) for the involved knee, but an absence of inter-limb asymmetry in either group, it may be necessary to evaluate how symmetry is achieved, over time, and to differentiate between good versus bad inter-limb symmetry, when evaluating knee gait parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait mechanics in those with/without medial compartment knee osteoarthritis 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Khandha

Manal

Wellsandt

et al. 2016

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…The contact between the femur and the patella displaces proximally during knee flexion and generates a patellar reaction force ( F ), which increases progressively during this movement (Nisell ; Lovejoy ; Masouros et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Knee function through finite element analysis and the role of Miocene hominoids in our understanding of the origin of antipronograde behaviours: the Pierolapithecus catalaunicus patella as a case study

et al. 2020

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Although extensive research has been carried out in recent years on the origin and evolution of human bipedalism, a full understanding of this question is far from settled. Miocene hominoids are key to a better understanding of the locomotor types observed in living apes and humans. Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, an extinct stem great ape from the middle Miocene (c. 12.0 Ma) of the Vall es-Pened es Basin (north-eastern Iberian Peninsula), is the first undoubted hominoid with an orthograde (erect) body plan. Its locomotor repertoire included above-branch quadrupedalism and other antipronograde behaviours. Elucidating the adaptive features present in the Pierolapithecus skeleton and its associated biomechanics helps us to better understand the origin of hominoid orthogrady. This work represents a new biomechanical perspective on Pierolapithecus locomotion, by studying its patella and comparing it with those drawn from a large sample of extant anthropoids. This is the first time that the biomechanical patellar performance in living non-human anthropoids and a stem hominid has been studied using finite element analysis (FEA). Differences in stress distribution are found depending on body plan and the presence/absence of a distal apex, probably due to dissimilar biomechanical performances. Pierolapithecus' biomechanical response mainly resembles that of great apes, suggesting a similar knee joint use in mechanical terms. These results underpin previous studies on Pierolapithecus, favouring the idea that a relevant degree of some antipronograde behaviour may have made up part of its locomotor repertoire. Moreover, our results corroborate the presence of modern great ape-like knee biomechanical performances back in the Miocene.

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“…Subject‐specific kinematics are described after registering representations of the anatomy derived from MR or computed tomography (CT) imaging. The kinematics of the knee are characterized by a combination of sliding and rotation marked by anterior translation and internal rotation of the tibia relative to the femur combined with lateral translation and external rotation of the patella relative to the femur during flexion …”

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confidence: 99%

“…The kinematics of the knee are characterized by a combination of sliding and rotation marked by anterior translation and internal rotation of the tibia relative to the femur combined with lateral translation and external rotation of the patella relative to the femur during flexion. 17,18 Prior research has investigated relationships between anatomy and functional behavior. Freeman et al de-scribed sagittal plane condylar geometry as a sequence of arcs with different radii that interact with a flat medial and convex lateral tibial plateau.…”

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confidence: 99%

Statistical modeling to characterize relationships between knee anatomy and kinematics

Smoger

Fitzpatrick

Clary

et al. 2015

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The mechanics of the knee are complex and dependent on the shape of the articular surfaces and their relative alignment. Insight into how anatomy relates to kinematics can establish biomechanical norms, support the diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies (e.g. patellar maltracking) and inform implant design. Prior studies have used correlations to identify anatomical measures related to specific motions. The objective of this study was to describe relationships between knee anatomy and tibiofemoral (TF) and patellofemoral (PF) kinematics using a statistical shape and function modeling approach. A principal component (PC) analysis was performed on a 20-specimen dataset consisting of shape of the bone and cartilage for the femur, tibia and patella derived from imaging and six-degree-of-freedom TF and PF kinematics from cadaveric testing during a simulated squat. The PC modes characterized links between anatomy and kinematics; the first mode captured scaling and shape changes in the condylar radii and their influence on TF anterior-posterior translation, internal-external rotation, and the location of the femoral lowest point. Subsequent modes described relations in patella shape and alta/baja alignment impacting PF kinematics. The complex interactions described with the data-driven statistical approach provide insight into knee mechanics that is useful clinically and in implant design.

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(i) Biomechanics of the knee joint

Cited by 84 publications

References 10 publications

Gait mechanics in those with/without medial compartment knee osteoarthritis 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Gait mechanics in those with/without medial compartment knee osteoarthritis 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Knee function through finite element analysis and the role of Miocene hominoids in our understanding of the origin of antipronograde behaviours: the Pierolapithecus catalaunicus patella as a case study

Statistical modeling to characterize relationships between knee anatomy and kinematics

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