<i>Caligus elongatus</i> (Copepoda: Caligoida) from Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) cultured in marine waters of the Lower Bay of Fundy

Hogans, W. E.; Trudeau, Deborah J.

doi:10.1139/z89-150

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…An abrupt transition from endemic to epidemic dynamics of lice has occurred elsewhere, in New Brunswick, Canada (34). For the Broughton Archipelago, lice were present in the 1990s but any outbreaks and treatment were undocumented and there was no need to monitor lice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of parasites from salmon farms on productivity of wild salmon

Krkošek

Connors

Morton

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The ecological risks of salmon aquaculture have motivated changes to management and policy designed to protect wild salmon populations and habitats in several countries. In Canada, much attention has focused on outbreaks of parasitic copepods, sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), on farmed and wild salmon in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia. Several recent studies have reached contradictory conclusions on whether the spread of lice from salmon farms affects the productivity of sympatric wild salmon populations. We analyzed recently available sea lice data on farms and spawner-recruit data for pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon populations in the Broughton Archipelago and nearby regions where farms are not present. Our results show that sea lice abundance on farms is negatively associated with productivity of both pink and coho salmon in the Broughton Archipelago. These results reconcile the contradictory findings of previous studies and suggest that management and policy measures designed to protect wild salmon from sea lice should yield conservation and fishery benefits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of parasites from salmon farms on productivity of wild salmon

Krkošek

Connors

Morton

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Epidemics may be isolated events, such as the 2001-2004 outbreak and subsequent eradication of infectious haematopoetic necrosis (IHN) virus in British Columbia salmon farms (Saksida 2006). Epidemics of native parasites may begin abruptly and then remain a chronic management challenge, such as the emergence of sea lice infestations in the Broughton Archipelago region of British Columbia (Morton & Williams 2003, Morton et al 2004, Krko$ek 2009 or the Passamaquoddy Bay region of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick (Hogans 1995). Spatially, there can be substantial variation in parasite abundance on wild and farmed fish populations (Tully et al 1999, Heuch et al 2003.…”

Section: Host Populations At Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first example occurred in the Passamaquoddy Bay region in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, in 1993-1994(Hogans 1995. There, average sea lice abundances on farmed salmon remained at < 20% prevalence with intensities of < 5 lice per fish during 1988 to 1993.…”

Section: Empirical Evidence For Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host density thresholds and disease control for fisheries and aquaculture

Krkošek¹

2010

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

106

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The outbreak, persistence, and eradication of infectious diseases often depend on the density of hosts. In coastal seas, many fisheries are fully or over-exploited; meanwhile, farmed populations are increasing rapidly with aquaculture growth. Marine aquaculture facilities are typically open to the surrounding ecosystem and, therefore, wild and farmed populations are connected by their shared parasites. At the core of epidemiological theory are host density thresholds, above which diseases can persist or invade and below which diseases can be eradicated. Host density thresholds in aquaculture-fishery interactions likely function at regional scales that encompass multiple farms, which are connected by pathogen dispersal and the movement of wild hosts. Sudden outbreaks of parasitic copepods in wild-farmed salmon systems may be linked to aquaculture growth exceeding host density thresholds. Abiotic (e.g. temperature and salinity), management (e.g. husbandry and farm siting), and biotic factors (e.g. migrations of wild hosts) likely affect threshold values. A connected wild-farmed host population can exceed a host density threshold due to an influx of wild hosts via migration, increases in aquaculture production, or environmental change such as climate warming. Coastal management and policy should heed the disease implications of climate warming, aquaculture growth, and fisheries restoration that suggest increasing host densities and decreasing threshold values.

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“…Several species of marine ectoparasitic copepods including Caligus clemensi, Caligus elongatus, Caligus teres, and Lepeophtheirus salmonis comn~only infect and can cause serious disease in sea-farmed salmonids (Brandal & Egidius 1979, Kabata 1979, 1988, Wootten et al 1982, Reyes & Bravo 1983, Hogans & Trudeau, 1989a, b, Pike 1989. Epizootics of these sea lice species are most commonly treated by bath treatments of dichlorvos, which is the active ingredient in 'Nuvan 500EC' or 'Aquaguard' (Grave et al 1991a, b, Jackson & Costello 1992, Roth et al 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and pathological effects of orally administered ivermectin in Atlantic, Chinook, and coho salmon and steelhead trout

Johnson¹,

Kent²,

Whitaker³

et al. 1993

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Because ivermectin (22,23-Dihydroavermectin B,) has been proposed as an oral treatment against sea lice infections of farmed salmonids, we investigated the toxicity and pathological effects of various doses of ivermectin administered orally every second day to steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, coho salmon Oncorhynchus kjsutch, chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar under laboratory conditions. These species differed in their ability to tolerate ivermectin, with coho salmon the most tolerant followed by chinook, then Atlantic salmon. Unequivocal results for steelhead trout were not obtained due to a secondary disease outbreak (vibriosis).Histological examination of the major organ systems revealc?d no pathological changes that could be associated with ivermectin toxicity in any of the salmon species tested.

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Caligus elongatus (Copepoda: Caligoida) from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cultured in marine waters of the Lower Bay of Fundy

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of parasites from salmon farms on productivity of wild salmon

Effects of parasites from salmon farms on productivity of wild salmon

Host density thresholds and disease control for fisheries and aquaculture

Toxicity and pathological effects of orally administered ivermectin in Atlantic, Chinook, and coho salmon and steelhead trout

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