<i>Campylobacter</i>
            positivity and public health risks in live bird markets in Busia, Kenya: A value chain analysis

Mbai, Josephat Mutiso; Njoroge, Samuel M.; Obonyo, Mark; Otieno, Christina A.; Owiny, Maurice; Fèvre, Eric M.

doi:10.1111/tbed.14518

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…The relatively high Campylobacter prevalence in chicken of 44.4% found in this study is comparable to that reported by other studies carried out in Kenya. Poultry are documented asymptomatic reservoirs for thermophilic Campylobacter , with studies in Kenya reporting prevalence of 29–44% [ 9 , 41 ]. However, a number of studies in this country have reported prevalence values higher than 44% [ 8 , 10 , 12 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Thermophilic Campylobacter from Chicken, Cattle, and Respective Drinking Water in Kajiado County, Kenya

Wanja

Mbuthia

Aboge

et al. 2022

International Journal of Microbiology

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Thermophilic Campylobacter species are a leading cause of human gastroenteritis throughout the world and have been implicated in reproductive disorders (abortion), mastitis, enteritis, and/or diarrhoea in livestock. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kajiado County to determine prevalence, seasonality, and molecular detection of thermophilic Campylobacter species (with emphasis on C. jejuni, C. coli, and other thermophilic Campylobacter species) in chicken, cattle, and respective pooled drinking water. A total of 457 samples comprising 265 cattle rectal swabs, 142 chicken cloacal swabs, and 50 trough water samples were collected from 55 randomly selected smallholder farms. Individual samples were subjected to standard techniques for isolation and biochemical tests, followed by singleplex polymerase chain reaction (sPCR) assays for identification and confirmation of genus and species. Overall, thermophilic Campylobacter prevalence was 35.4% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 31.0–39.8), with C. jejuni dominating at 55.6% (95% CI = 47.9–63.3%) over C. coli in all sample types. The highest thermophilic Campylobacter prevalence was observed in cloacal swabs of live chicken at 44.4% (95% CI = 36.2–52.6%), followed by rectal swabs from live cattle at 30.9% (95% CI = 25.3–36.5%). Water samples from cattle drinkers/trough were found to be contaminated at 34% (95% CI = 20.9–47.1%). The isolation rate was higher in cattle under the confinement system (44.3%) (95% CI = 36.1–52.5%) than in those under the free-roaming grazing system. Thermophilic Campylobacter species were isolated in both seasons, with higher prevalence (39.8% (95% CI = 33.6–45.9)) recorded during rainy and cold season in all sample types except for water. There was significant ( P < 0.05 ) association between season and thermophilic Campylobacter occurrence, even though there were no statistical differences in the prevalence values across the two seasons. Results of this study demonstrate that cattle, chicken, and respective drinking water harbour potentially pathogenic thermophilic campylobacters, with C. jejuni being widely distributed among farms. It is possible that seasonal variations and cattle confinement result in differences in thermophilic Campylobacter carriage. Further epidemiological and phylogenetic studies comparing distribution of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolates in livestock, environmental, and human samples are recommended to establish source attribution to reduce the impact of resultant diseases for the wellbeing of public and livestock.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Thermophilic Campylobacter from Chicken, Cattle, and Respective Drinking Water in Kajiado County, Kenya

Wanja

Mbuthia

Aboge

et al. 2022

International Journal of Microbiology

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Slaughter Facilities in East Africa as a Focus for One Health

et al. 2023

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While studying the transmission of zoonotic infection in western Kenya, and surveying animals at slaughter to gain insights into disease prevalence, we developed a community-requested programme to understand the occupational risks to which slaughter facility workers are exposed. This led to a series of linked investigations focused on human and animal health centred on the slaughter facility, and a number of public health interventions targeting workers. Here, we summarize the different aspects of this work and the importance of engaging with different sections of the community. We illustrate how the work has integrated an understanding of the slaughter facility microenvironment, human and animal health, and pathogen surveillance within the food system. Information © The Authors 2023

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Campylobacter positivity and public health risks in live bird markets in Busia, Kenya: A value chain analysis

Mbai

Njoroge

Obonyo

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Live bird markets (LBMs) provide integral hubs for 95% of poultry produced for food.Surveillance systems in LBMs serving smallholder farmers in sub-saharan Africa are often non-functional, and data about public health risks and emerging pathogens are lacking. Studies in Kenya have reported 29-44% Campylobacter prevalence in poultry. We analysed such LBMs in Kenya for likely transmission of Campylobacter from poultry to humans. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 186 live poultry traders (LPTs) in 14 LBMs in a region with widespread backyard poultry systems. A pretested structured questionnaire was administered to all LPTs having regular contacts with poultry to gather market data and risk information on campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter was detected in individual cloacal cultures and identified through PCR. The median score obtained from the outcome of risk assessment dichotomized respondents into high and low risk categories. We performed logistic regression at 95% confidence interval (CI) to compare market characteristics and Campylobacter positivity to risk categories to identify LBM-associated public health risks. Markets had a median of 13 traders, and mean age of 46.3 ± 13.7 years. Majority 162/186 (87.1%) were males. Market behavioural processes by LPTs varied: Only 58.6% LPTs held bird species separate; onsite slaughter (38.7%); encountered sick-bird (93%) and dead-bird (83%) amidst limited health inspection (31.2%). Campylobacter positivity in live birds was 43/112 (38.4%, 95% CI: 29.4-48.1). Risk information on campylobacteriosis was low 41/114 (36%, 95% CI: 27.2-45.5). Sanitary risks were related to accumulation of litter (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR]: 19.67, 95% CI: 3.01-128.52). Accessing hand-wash facilities (aPOR: .32, 95% CI: .13-.78) and access to information (aPOR: .24, 95% CI: .09-.61) were protective. Sanitary risks were related to poor hygiene. LBMs could be central surveillance sites for Campylobacter. Public health authorities/actors should consider appropriate targeting to improve sanitary measures and Campylobacter control strategies.

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Campylobacter positivity and public health risks in live bird markets in Busia, Kenya: A value chain analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Seasonal Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Thermophilic Campylobacter from Chicken, Cattle, and Respective Drinking Water in Kajiado County, Kenya

Seasonal Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Thermophilic Campylobacter from Chicken, Cattle, and Respective Drinking Water in Kajiado County, Kenya

Slaughter Facilities in East Africa as a Focus for One Health

Campylobacter positivity and public health risks in live bird markets in Busia, Kenya: A value chain analysis

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