<i>Cautires apterus,</i>a New Species and the First Record of Wingless Male Lycidae (Coleoptera) Discovered in the North Pare Mountains, Tanzania

Bocák, Ladislav; Grebennikov, Vasily V.; Sklenarova, Katerina

doi:10.3161/000345414x680500

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Therefore, the relationships of numerous South American neotenics should be studied in detail and their classification eventually revised. Similarly, the recently reported putative neotenic Cautires apterus Bocak et al (2014) represents an independent recent shift to neoteny [49]. These findings suggest a scenario that neotenics evolve repeatedly in several elateroid lineages, including net-winged beetles as has been suggested by earlier analyses [21,22,23,24,34,48,50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Molecular Phylogeny, Diversity and Zoogeography of Net-Winged Beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae)

Mášek

Motyka

Kusy

et al. 2018

Insects

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We synthesize the evidence from molecular phylogenetics, extant distribution, and plate tectonics to present an insight in ancestral areas, dispersal routes and the effectiveness of geographic barriers for net-winged beetle tribes (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Samples from all zoogeographical realms were assembled and phylogenetic relationships for ~550 species and 25 tribes were inferred using nuclear rRNA and mtDNA markers. The analyses revealed well-supported clades at the rank of tribes as they have been defined using morphology, but a low support for relationships among them. Most tribes started their diversification in Southeast and East Asia or are endemic to this region. Slipinskiini and Dexorini are Afrotropical endemics and Calopterini, Eurrhacini, Thonalmini, and Leptolycini remained isolated in South America and the Caribbean after their separation from northern continents. Lycini, Calochromini, and Erotini support relationships between the Nearctic and eastern Palearctic faunas; Calochromini colonized the Afrotropical realm from East Asia and Metriorrhynchini Afrotropical and Oriental realms from the drifting Indian subcontinent. Most tribes occur in the Oriental and Sino-Japanese realms, the highest alpha-taxonomic diversity was identified in Malesian tropical rainforests. The turn-over at zoogeographical boundaries is discussed when only short distance over-sea colonization events were inferred. The lycid phylogeny shows that poor dispersers can be used for reconstruction of dispersal and vicariance history over a long time-span, but the current data are insufficient for reconstruction of the early phase of their diversification.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Molecular Phylogeny, Diversity and Zoogeography of Net-Winged Beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae)

Mášek

Motyka

Kusy

et al. 2018

Insects

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“…The observed pattern can be a result of frequent loss of their diversity in unstable habitats due to deep disturbances such as extensive desertification. The elateroid lineages contain numerous neotenic lineages and their independent, relatively frequent origin is well supported 34 35 36 . Nevertheless, their current diversity is limited to the humid tropics 22 or they become soil-dependent if they survive in the less humid but otherwise stable ecosystems such as the Mediterranean (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Slowly dispersing neotenic beetles can speciate on a penny coin and generate space-limited diversity in the tropical mountains

Bray

Bocák

2016

Sci Rep

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We demonstrate the controversial origin of a biological species within an area of a few kilometres in the absence of physical barriers. We employed nuclear rRNA/mitochondrial and genome-wide SNP approaches to infer relationships of four species of net-winged beetles characterised by female neoteny. Three species are distributed at low elevations and a single population colonised a 40 km2 highland plateau and established distinct biological species despite incomplete genetic isolation. The speciation process is extreme in the highly localised spatial scale, due to the low dispersal power of neotenics, and provides clear support for a microallopatric model based on ecological conditions. In contrast with neutral evolution in a homogenous environment, as demonstrated by the genetic divergence and morphological similarity of two widely distributed low-mountain species, the environmental characteristics of the high-mountain plateau led to the origin of a species adapted to the local mimetic pattern and characterised by morphologically distinct genitalia. We conclude that the low dispersal propensity promotes neutral genetic differentiation in the first stage, but environmental characteristics play an important role the final phase of the speciation process. The unexpected speciation at such an extreme geographic scale points to the in situ origin and uniqueness of the mountain fauna.

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“…Almost all males with putatively neotenic females have been collected only in the lowest stratum of tropical forests, either from the herbaceous vegetation or from sifted soil which supports the link between limited mobility and miniaturization. (Bocak et al , , ), The miniaturized body evolved independently in some Lyropaeinae (Alyculini, Antennolycini, some Platerodrilini), all Leptolycini and most neotenic Calopterini (Bocakova, , ; Bocak & Bocakova, ; Kazantsev, ). Given that neotenic females are developmentally truncated, male morphological traits may be affected by incomplete structural differentiation of the appendages, especially the legs and their derived structures (Bocak & Bocakova, , ; Kazantsev, , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mimolibnetis apicalis Kazantsev, , Alyculus spp. ), loss or severe reduction of wings [ Dexoris chome (Bocak et al , ), Cautires apterus (Bocak et al , ); Fig. F], structural simplifications such as the loss of strengthening costae and carinae (common in neotenics), elytra that are not coadapted with the pronotum (the neotenic lycids apart from Nanolycus ; Kazantsev, ), shortened discrimen, no metendosternite transverse sutures, no tibial spurs (found also in some non‐neotenic taxa, but more common in neotenics), and slender tarsomeres with reduced tarsal pads (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic analysis resolves the relationships among net‐winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) and reveals the parallel evolution of morphological traits

Kusy

Motyka

Boček

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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Net‐winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) are a diverse group of elateroids known for aposematism and neoteny. Phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data have revealed different results with respect to within‐group relationships. In this study, we recovered a highly supported phylogenomic phylogeny and identified seven subfamilies: Dexorinae stat.n., Calochrominae stat.n., Erotinae, Ateliinae, Lycinae, Lyropaeinae stat.n. and Metriorrhynchinae stat.n. Our results suggest that female neoteny evolved multiple times. Therefore, the development of similar morphological modifications in neotenics may be linked and may have produced characteristics such as body miniaturization, structural simplification, i.e. reduction of mouthparts, fewer antennomeres and palpomeres, uniquely shaped terminal palpomeres, shortened elytra, the loss of coadaptation between the elytra and pronotum, and others. Additional traits evolved in parallel due to similarities in biology, function and sexual selection. These characteristics include mimetic similarities, the presence of the rostrum, pronotal carinae and elytral costae, and the structure of male genitalia. By comparing the phylogenomic topology with the evolution of morphological characters, we were able to identify evolutionary trends in lycids and compare them with analogues for other neotenic elateroids. These traits have not been accepted as homoplasies due to the ambiguous phylogenetic signal from Sanger sequencing markers.

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Cautires apterus,a New Species and the First Record of Wingless Male Lycidae (Coleoptera) Discovered in the North Pare Mountains, Tanzania

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Molecular Phylogeny, Diversity and Zoogeography of Net-Winged Beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae)

Molecular Phylogeny, Diversity and Zoogeography of Net-Winged Beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae)

Slowly dispersing neotenic beetles can speciate on a penny coin and generate space-limited diversity in the tropical mountains

Phylogenomic analysis resolves the relationships among net‐winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) and reveals the parallel evolution of morphological traits

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