<i>CHS</i>silencing suggests a negative cross-talk between wax and flavonoid pathways in tomato fruit cuticle

Heredia, Antonio; Heredia‐Guerrero, José A.; Domínguez, Ernesto Redondo

doi:10.1080/15592324.2015.1019979

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Also flavonoids serve as structural elements influencing the mechanical properties of the epidermal cell layer of fruits. In addition, they seem to modulate tomato cuticle water transpiration by affecting wax synthesis and deposition [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Changes of Exocarp and Mesocarp Occurring during Softening Differently Affect Firmness in Melting (MF) and Non Melting Flesh (NMF) Fruits

et al. 2015

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Melting (MF) and non melting flesh (NMF) peaches differ in their final texture and firmness. Their specific characteristics are achieved by softening process and directly dictate fruit shelf life and quality. Softening is influenced by various mechanisms including cell wall reorganization and water loss. In this work, the biomechanical properties of MF Spring Crest’s and NMF Oro A’s exocarp and mesocarp along with the amount and localization of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids were investigated during fruit ripening and post-harvest. The objective was to better understand the role played by water loss and cell wall reorganization in peach softening. Results showed that in ripe Spring Crest, where both cell turgor loss and cell wall dismantling occurred, mesocarp had a little role in the fruit reaction to compression and probe penetration response was almost exclusively ascribed to the epidermis which functioned as a mechanical support to the pulp. In ripe Oro A’s fruit, where cell wall disassembly did not occur and the loss of cell turgor was observed only in mesocarp, the contribution of exocarp to fruit firmness was consistent but relatively lower than that of mesocarp, suggesting that in addition to cell turgor, the integrity of cell wall played a key role in maintaining NMF fruit firmness. The analysis of phenols suggested that permeability and firmness of epidermis were associated with the presence of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Changes of Exocarp and Mesocarp Occurring during Softening Differently Affect Firmness in Melting (MF) and Non Melting Flesh (NMF) Fruits

et al. 2015

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“…Cuticle phenolics and waxes play important biophysical roles that have great agronomic importance for fruit growth on the vine and also during postharvest 2 . However, a negative correlation between cuticle waxes and phenolics, based on the modification of the phenolic metabolic pathway, either silencing CHALCONE SYNTHASE ( CHS ), the first committed enzyme of the flavonoid pathway, or favoring the accumulation of anthocyanins in the fruit by expression of the transcription factors ROSEA and DELILA , has been reported 35 . The nature of this relation could have a critical impact in plant breeding since it would imply the necessity to choose between increasing mechanical resistance provided by phenolics and reduced water permeability driven by waxes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide QTL analysis of tomato fruit cuticle deposition and composition

et al. 2021

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Genetics of traits related to fruit cuticle deposition and composition was studied in two red-fruited tomato species. Two mapping populations derived from the cross between the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and its closest relative wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium L. were employed to conduct a QTL analysis. A combination of fruit cuticle deposition, components and anatomical traits were investigated and the individual effect of each QTL evaluated. A total of 70 QTLs were identified, indicating that all the cuticle traits analyzed have a complex polygenic nature. A combination of additive and epistatic interactions was observed for all the traits, with positive contribution of both parental lines to most of them. Colocalization of QTLs for various traits uncovered novel genomic regions producing extensive changes in the cuticle. Cuticle density emerges as an important trait since it can modulate cuticle thickness and invagination thus providing a strategy for sustaining mechanical strength without compromising palatability. Two genomic regions, located in chromosomes 1 and 12, are responsible for the negative interaction between cuticle waxes and phenolics identified in tomato fruit. Several candidate genes, including transcription factors and structural genes, are postulated and their expression analyzed throughout development.

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“…Flavonoids play roles in many facets of plant physiology, including transport, defense, allelopathy, structural proteins, cell physiology, and modulation of reactive oxygen species levels . There is evidence that flavonoids have evolved particular roles in cuticle deposition, and in recent studies, Heredia et al analyzed how flavonoid accumulation during tomato ripening affected cuticle and epidermal properties . These studies indicate a role for either flavonoids or CHS in altering the expression levels of certain genes involved in cuticle biosynthesis; however, it remains to be determined which genes are modified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonoids play roles in many facets of plant physiology, including transport, 12 defense, 34 allelopathy, 34 structural proteins, 35 cell physiology, 36 and modulation of reactive oxygen species levels. 37 There is evidence that flavonoids have evolved particular roles in cuticle deposition, 20 and in recent studies, 38 These studies indicate a role for either flavonoids or CHS in altering the expression levels of certain genes involved in cuticle biosynthesis; however, it remains to be determined which genes are modified. During fruit ripening, the fruit cuticular pegs become thickened and cutinization of the epidermal and some hypodermal cell walls occurs, 39 with the fruit size eventually increasing as a result of cell expansion.…”

Section: Journal Of Agricultural and Food Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-Induced Gene Silencing of the Eggplant Chalcone Synthase Gene during Fruit Ripening Modifies Epidermal Cells and Gravitropism

Wang

2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) fruits accumulate flavonoids in their cuticle and epidermal cells during ripening. Although many mutants available in model plant species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula, are enabling the intricacies of flavonoid-related physiology to be deduced, the mechanisms whereby flavonoids influence eggplant fruit physiology are unknown. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a reliable tool for the study of flavonoid function in fruit, and in this study, we successfully applied this technique to downregulate S. melongena chalcone synthase gene ( SmCHS) expression during eggplant fruit ripening. In addition to the expected change in fruit color attributable to a lack of anthocyanins, several other modifications, including differences in epidermal cell size and shape, were observed in the different sectors. We also found that silencing of CHS gene expression was associated with a negative gravitropic response in eggplant fruits. These observations indicate that epidermal cell expansion during ripening is dependent upon CHS expression and that there may be a relationship between CHS expression and gravitropism during eggplant fruit ripening.

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CHSsilencing suggests a negative cross-talk between wax and flavonoid pathways in tomato fruit cuticle

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Specific Changes of Exocarp and Mesocarp Occurring during Softening Differently Affect Firmness in Melting (MF) and Non Melting Flesh (NMF) Fruits

Specific Changes of Exocarp and Mesocarp Occurring during Softening Differently Affect Firmness in Melting (MF) and Non Melting Flesh (NMF) Fruits

Genome-wide QTL analysis of tomato fruit cuticle deposition and composition

Virus-Induced Gene Silencing of the Eggplant Chalcone Synthase Gene during Fruit Ripening Modifies Epidermal Cells and Gravitropism

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