Clostridium perfringens,Clostridium difficile, and OtherClostridiumSpecies

Borriello, S. P.; Aktories, Klaus

doi:10.1002/9780470688618.taw0044

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 530 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Clostridium perfringens is a widespread pathogen, which is responsible for a number of severe diseases in humans and animals (1,2). In 70 to 80% of the cases it is the causative agent of the gas gangrene syndrome.…”

Section: Tpel Is a Glucosylating Toxin Which Modifies Ras And Inducementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characteristics of Clostridium perfringens TpeL Toxin and Consequences of Mono-O-GlcNAcylation of Ras in Living Cells

Guttenberg

Hornei

Jank

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Tpel Is a Glucosylating Toxin Which Modifies Ras And Inducementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characteristics of Clostridium perfringens TpeL Toxin and Consequences of Mono-O-GlcNAcylation of Ras in Living Cells

Guttenberg

Hornei

Jank

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming and obligate anaerobic bacterium ( 1 ). CDI was considered a cause for symptoms of infectious diarrhea in patients after hospitalization and antibiotic treatment back in the 1970's ( 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Characterization of Clostridium difficile in Beef and Mutton Meats of Isfahan Region, Iran

Esfandiari

Jalali

Ezzatpanah

et al. 2014

Jundishapur J Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a frequent cause of nosocomial infections. During last few years, the mortality rate of C. difficile infection (CDI) increased in healthcare facilities. This organism has become a major public health concern in developed nations. Because of the increasing incidence of acquired-CDI (CA-CDI) and notable genetic overlap between C. difficile isolates from animals and humans, meat has defined as one of the probable transmission route of C. diffiicle to humans.Objectives:This study was performed to determine the prevalence of toxigenic C. difficile in beef and mutton meats consumed as human food in Isfahan, central part of Iran. Furthermore the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-ribotyping employed to compare the genetic pattern of positive isolates in meat with clinical ones.Materials and Methods:A total of 200 raw meat samples (81 beef and 119 mutton) were purchased from meat packaging plants. The samples were anaerobically cultured in C. difficile moxalactam norfloxacin (CDMN) broth and plated on selective enrichment medium. The suspicious colonies were recultured on blood agar anaerobically. All C. difficile isolates identified by morphological and biochemical testing were screened by PCR for the presence of genes encoding the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), toxin A (tcdA), toxin B (tcdB) and binary toxin (cdtB). The genomes of extracted isolates were analyzed by 16S-23S rRNA-based PCR ribotyping.Results:The overall prevalence of C. difficile with two toxigenic genes including tcdA and tcdB was estimated at 4.0%. C. difficile was detected in 2.8%, 2.1%, 3.6% and 6.2% of chopped beef, ground beef, chopped mutton and ground mutton, respectively. The cdtB gene was not found in positive isolates. Eight different ribotypes were found in isolated strains that were not identical with those belonging to patients with CDI.Conclusions:The results of PCR-ribotyping indicate that no relationship exists between clinical and meat isolates. We therefore conclude that other sources than meat may function as a vector for CA-CDI.

show abstract

“…Toxin A and B are the main cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembraneous colitis [1], lethal toxin is implicated in toxic shock syndrome after medical-induced abortion [2] and α-toxin causes gas gangrene syndrom [3],[4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridial Glucosylating Toxins Enter Cells via Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis

et al. 2010

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), C. sordellii lethal toxin (TcsL) and C. novyi α-toxin (TcnA) are important pathogenicity factors, which represent the family of the clostridial glucosylating toxins (CGTs). Toxin A and B are associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembraneous colitis. Lethal toxin is involved in toxic shock syndrome after abortion and α-toxin in gas gangrene development. CGTs enter cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis and require an acidified endosome for translocation of the catalytic domain into the cytosol. Here we studied the endocytic processes that mediate cell internalization of the CGTs. Intoxication of cells was monitored by analyzing cell morphology, status of Rac glucosylation in cell lysates and transepithelial resistance of cell monolayers. We found that the intoxication of cultured cells by CGTs was strongly delayed when cells were preincubated with dynasore, a cell-permeable inhibitor of dynamin, or chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of the clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway. Additional evidence about the role of clathrin in the uptake of the prototypical CGT family member toxin B was achieved by expression of a dominant-negative inhibitor of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis (Eps15 DN) or by siRNA against the clathrin heavy chain. Accordingly, cells that expressed dominant-negative caveolin-1 were not protected from toxin B-induced cell rounding. In addition, lipid rafts impairment by exogenous depletion of sphingomyelin did not decelerate intoxication of HeLa cells by CGTs. Taken together, our data indicate that the endocytic uptake of the CGTs involves a dynamin-dependent process that is mainly governed by clathrin.

show abstract

Clostridium perfringens,Clostridium difficile, and OtherClostridiumSpecies

Cited by 4 publications

References 530 publications

Molecular Characteristics of Clostridium perfringens TpeL Toxin and Consequences of Mono-O-GlcNAcylation of Ras in Living Cells

Molecular Characteristics of Clostridium perfringens TpeL Toxin and Consequences of Mono-O-GlcNAcylation of Ras in Living Cells

Prevalence and Characterization of Clostridium difficile in Beef and Mutton Meats of Isfahan Region, Iran

Clostridial Glucosylating Toxins Enter Cells via Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About