2005
DOI: 10.1155/mi.2005.349
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Crotalus durissus terrificus Venom Interferes WithMorphological, Functional, and Biochemical Changes in Murine Macrophage

Abstract: Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (Cdt) is toxic for a variety of eukaryotic cells, especially at high concentrations. However its effects on host immune cells are not well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Cdt on functional status and the mediators production in peritoneal macrophages. The effects of Cdt were analyzed in vitro and were detected using functional status of macrophages as determined by the H2O2 release, spreading percentage, phagocytic index, vacuole formation, and… Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(11 citation statements)
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References 38 publications
(45 reference statements)
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“…The crude venom of C. d. cascavella , C. d. terrificus as well as Ctm showed no toxic effects against J774 macrophages after 24 h of incubation [7,25], corroborating the results obtained in this study and supporting the safe employment of microparticles for in vitro / in vivo assays. Moreover, P.Ctm could be better taken up by macrophages than P.Cte, suggesting that the toxin released inside the cells and also extracellularly, before the membrane attachment, was able to activate macrophages, enhancing the production of inflammatory cytokines.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 83%
“…The crude venom of C. d. cascavella , C. d. terrificus as well as Ctm showed no toxic effects against J774 macrophages after 24 h of incubation [7,25], corroborating the results obtained in this study and supporting the safe employment of microparticles for in vitro / in vivo assays. Moreover, P.Ctm could be better taken up by macrophages than P.Cte, suggesting that the toxin released inside the cells and also extracellularly, before the membrane attachment, was able to activate macrophages, enhancing the production of inflammatory cytokines.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 83%
“…5). It is known that macrophage activation results in the increment of metabolic rates, stimulates the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and inflammatory mediators and enhances phagocytotic activity [22]. Administration of venom and toxins increase macrophage activation, as shown in Fig.…”
Section: Calcium Oscillations In Macrophage Induced By Scorpion Toxinsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…As described recently, several agents have been used to promote macrophage activation. This includes the use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [21], snake venom [2,3,22] and scorpion venom [12][13][14]. Treatment of macrophages with a variety of chemical compounds can lead to the formation of many vacuoles into the cytoplasm [23,24].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They were diluted to a concentration of 10 6 cell/mL in RPMI-1640 supplemented with penicillin/streptomycin (100 U/mL, 100 g/mL), 2 mM L -glutamine, 2 mM non-essential amino acids, 1 mM sodium pyruvate (all reagents from Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and incubated in 96-well polystyrene microplates at 37°C, 5% CO 2 for 24 h. The peptides were added then and cells were further incubated for 24 h as described previously (Cruz et al, 2005). Three independent experiments were performed.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%