D. PTERONYSSINUS‐TYROSINE ADSORBATE: BIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL PROPERTIES

Miller, A. C. M. L.; Hart, Andrew; Tees, E. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1976.tb01477.x

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Investigations of the depot properties of L-tyrosine confirmed and extended other observations which suggested that the half-life of tyrosine at the site of in jections was short compared with those of other adju vants, thus minimizing the formation of persistent le sions [6]. Studies on the release of allergen from tyro sine adsorbates showed that there was a delay of al lergen reaching the blood from an intraperitoneal in jection of tyrosine-adsorbed allergen compared with an injection of aqueous allergen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…In an ear lier publication from this laboratory [6], it was shown that the half-life of tyrosine when injected subcutane ously in guinea pigs is about 48 h. More recent unpu blished work in this laboratory has shown that when l4C-tyrosine is given by a similar route in rats, only about 1% remains at the site 10 days after injection whether or not an allergen is adsorbed to it.…”

Section: Depot Properties O F L-tyrosinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attention has been directed in this laboratory for some time to the development of L-tyrosine as an ad juvant [I, 2,6,7], This amino acid is a normal consti tuent of blood, occurring at a concentration of ap proximately 10 mg/1. A useful property of tyrosine is its low solubility (450 mg/1) in aqueous solution at neutral pH values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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L-Tyrosine as an Immunological Adjuvant

Wheeler¹,

Moran²,

Robins³

et al. 1982

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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A series of experiments has been carried out to investigate the adjuvant properties of the amino acid L-tyrosine in laboratory animals. Adsorption of various allergenic materials to L-tyrosine was found to enhance the induction of IgG antibodies, but no unusual propensity to stimulate IgE antibody or delayed hypersensitivity was observed. Administration of the amino acid at a site remote from the allergen was found not to augment antibody production. This, together with evidence of reduced bioavailability of the tyrosine-adsorbed allergen, suggested that the adjuvant activity observed resulted from a short-term depot effect.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Depot Properties O F L-tyrosinementioning

confidence: 99%

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L-Tyrosine as an Immunological Adjuvant

Wheeler¹,

Moran²,

Robins³

et al. 1982

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…2 All groups contained 6 animals except where indicated (* 5 ani mals per group); results expressed as reciprocal titres. 3 Days after initial injection. 4 Series A and B were carried out independently 5 C -Coprecipitation procedure; A = addition procedure (see Materials and Methods).…”

Section: Studies Of Local Irritancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 All groups contained 6 animals; results expressed as reciprocal titres. 3 Days after initial injection. 4 C = Coprecipitation procedure; A = addition procedure (see Materials and Methods).…”

Section: Studies Of Local Irritancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvant Properties of Hydrophobic Derivatives Prepared from L-Tyrosine

Wheeler¹,

Whittall²,

Spackman³

et al. 1984

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The capacity of various N-acyl, O-acyl, amide and ester derivatives of L-tyrosine to promote the induction of antibodies to grass pollen extracts has been studied in guinea pigs. Antibody production was generally found to be enhanced when these derivatised materials were used as adsorbate vehicles compared with either L-tyrosine or simple aqueous presentations. Increases in alkyl chain length were found to parallel increased adjuvant activity. Unlike L-tyrosine, however, these hydrophobic materials tended to produce tissue lesions in experimental animals at concentrations which displayed apparent adjuvant advantages.

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Pollinex^® Quattro Ragweed: safety evaluation of a new allergy vaccine adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL^®) for the treatment of ragweed pollen allergy

Baldrick

Richardson

Woroniecki

et al. 2007

J of Applied Toxicology

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A novel allergy vaccine (Pollinex Quattro Ragweed) has been developed for the prevention or relief of allergic symptoms caused by pollen from Ambrosia spp. (ragweed). An extract from the pollen (chemically modified by glutaraldehyde) is adsorbed onto l-tyrosine with addition of the immunostimulatory adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). A specific preclinical safety testing strategy was developed to support clinical use and comprised reference to preclinical data available for the marketed non-MPL adjuvanted form of the ragweed vaccine (Pollinex R) and a new repeat dose toxicity study in the rat. Studies with Pollinex R comprised single dose subcutaneous toxicity studies in mice and rats, repeat dose (10 injections over 20 days) parenteral toxicity studies in rats and dogs, an in vitro gene mutation assay along with single and multiple injection local tolerance studies in rats and dogs. The repeat dose subcutaneous toxicity study with Pollinex Quattro Ragweed involved seven injections over 3 weeks (which was more aggressive than the four weekly doses used in the clinic) with dose levels of up to 0.5 ml per animal used. Overall, the product showed no toxicological findings of significance at levels greatly in excess of those proposed for clinical use. As is a feature with vaccination, some dose site irritation was seen.

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D. PTERONYSSINUS‐TYROSINE ADSORBATE: BIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL PROPERTIES

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

<i>L</i>-Tyrosine as an Immunological Adjuvant

<i>L</i>-Tyrosine as an Immunological Adjuvant

Adjuvant Properties of Hydrophobic Derivatives Prepared from <i>L</i>-Tyrosine

Pollinex^® Quattro Ragweed: safety evaluation of a new allergy vaccine adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL^®) for the treatment of ragweed pollen allergy

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D. PTERONYSSINUS‐TYROSINE ADSORBATE: BIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL PROPERTIES

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

<i>L</i>-Tyrosine as an Immunological Adjuvant

<i>L</i>-Tyrosine as an Immunological Adjuvant

Adjuvant Properties of Hydrophobic Derivatives Prepared from <i>L</i>-Tyrosine

Pollinex® Quattro Ragweed: safety evaluation of a new allergy vaccine adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL®) for the treatment of ragweed pollen allergy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Pollinex^® Quattro Ragweed: safety evaluation of a new allergy vaccine adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL^®) for the treatment of ragweed pollen allergy