“I Decided to Save Them”: Factors That Shaped Participation in Rescue Efforts during Genocide in Rwanda

Fox, Nicole; Brehm, Hollie Nyseth

doi:10.1093/sf/soy018

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Caution is indicated when making inference from laboratory studies to complex social behaviours, such as those observed during genocides 16 . My main evidence at the moment is that the very low rate of prosocial disobedience observed in the first generation of post-genocide Rwandans tested in Rwanda using this paradigm 47 is consistent with the fact that deference to authority had already been emphasized by academics as an important factor in the 1994 genocide 4 , 51 . Individual scores on deference to authority in Caspar et al 47 was the best predictive factor for prosocial disobedience in that former paradigm, thus suggesting some ecological validity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…For instance, disobedience increases if the experimenter is not physically present in the room or if two experimenters provide opposing views regarding the morality of the experiment. Subsequent versions and interpretations of Milgram’s studies 6 – 8 as well as historical research 4 , 9 also suggested the importance of several social (e.g. presence of a supporting group) and situational factors (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel experimental approach to study disobedience to authority

Caspar

2021

Sci Rep

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Fifty years after the experiments of Stanley Milgram, the main objective of the present paper is to offer a paradigm that complies with up-to-date ethical standards and that can be adapted to various scientific disciplines, ranging from sociology and (social) psychology to neuroscience. Inspired by subsequent versions of Milgram-like paradigms and by combining the strengths of each, this paper presents a novel experimental approach to the study of (dis)obedience to authority. Volunteers are recruited in pairs and take turns to be ‘agents’ or ‘victims’, making the procedure fully reciprocal. For each trial, the agents receive an order from the experimenter to send a real, mildly painful electric shock to the ‘victim’, thus placing participants in an ecological set-up and avoiding the use of cover stories. Depending on the experimental condition, ‘agents’ receive, or do not receive, a monetary gain and are given, or are not given, an aim to obey the experimenter’s orders. Disobedience here refers to the number of times ‘agents’ refused to deliver the real shock to the ‘victim’. As the paradigm is designed to fit with brain imaging methods, I hope to bring new insights and perspectives in this area of research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel experimental approach to study disobedience to authority

Caspar

2021

Sci Rep

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“…At a very high personal risk, Rwandan women participated in resisting the Rwandan government by hiding Tutsi families or providing them with food or money to help in their escape journey, a very high risk form of collective action. 148 They also organized national peace rallies-such as the 1992 Women's March for Peace-to demand an end to the war. 149 Women's organizations were key in aiding communities that were devastated as a result of the war and genocide.…”

Section: Rwanda: Military Victory Politics Of History and Uneven Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways and Barriers for Women’s Mobilization during Civil War: Nepal, Colombia, and Rwanda in Comparative Perspective

Evilsizor¹,

Cox²

2021

Peace & Change

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The authors greatly appreciate Marie Berry, Heather Fryer, and the two anonymous Peace & Change reviewers who provided very insightful suggestions for the manuscript at various stages of development. A previous version of this paper was presented at the 2019 Midwest International Studies Association conference, which yielded important insights from discussant John Ishiyama and many other participants. We also are deeply grateful to the women who shared their experiences of civil wars with us for this research, especially to those living in Mafraq, Jordan. Funding from the Oxbridge Honors Summer Research Program at William Jewell College and the Hall Family Foundation provided essential support for this project.

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“…Qualitative Sociology (2020) 43:317-343 nothing (being a bystander), by collaborating and thus contributing to the legitimization and perpetration of violence (Kopstein and Wittenberg 2018;Luft 2020a), or by organizing resistance and rescue efforts (Braun 2019;Fox and Brehm 2018). Targeted civilians, too, can cooperate, cope, evade, or resist genocide, even while under severe constraints (Einwohner and Maher 2011;Finkel 2017;Soyer 2014).…”

Section: Conflict Archivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do you Repair a Broken World? Conflict(ing) Archives after the Holocaust

Luft

2020

Qual Sociol

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In contrast to the portrayal of archives as neutral sites that contain evidence of times past, this paper examines the construction of three archives during and after the Holocaust to highlight the challenges involved in gathering, preserving, and sharing documents produced by victimized populations. Specifically, I analyze the construction of, and conflicts among, the archives of the Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaine in Paris, the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research in New York, and the International Institute for Holocaust Research at Yad Vashem in Jerusalem. Each archive purports to contain the history of Jews in France during the Holocaust and strived in its aftermath not only to gather the remnants of European Jewish history but to reconstitute it, leading to contestations over what it meant to be Jewish in turn. Through analysis of the conflicts among these three archives, I show how debates over the possession of documents after genocide became symbolic debates about Jewish history and identity that would shape each of these archives for generations to come. I generalize from the example to discuss the practical implications of working with conflicting archives and examine the broader lessons for social scientists who wish to give "voice to the voiceless" by working with documents produced by victimized populations.

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“I Decided to Save Them”: Factors That Shaped Participation in Rescue Efforts during Genocide in Rwanda

Cited by 22 publications

References 54 publications

A novel experimental approach to study disobedience to authority

A novel experimental approach to study disobedience to authority

Pathways and Barriers for Women’s Mobilization during Civil War: Nepal, Colombia, and Rwanda in Comparative Perspective

How Do you Repair a Broken World? Conflict(ing) Archives after the Holocaust

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