‘I don’t think they realise how good we are’: Innovation, inclusion and exclusion in women’s Olympic boxing

Tjønndal, Anne

doi:10.1177/1012690217715642

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…They were driven by economic necessity, although they all identified that they enjoyed their sports coach/instructors role and regarded it as ‘more than a job’. The results support Tjonndal’s (2017) that sport has cultural and structural changes, which give rise to greater entrepreneurial behaviour of individuals involved in new business creation. A number of respondents maximized their sporting knowledge by offering additional services to their sports customers such as sports massage and selling nutritional products.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…These businesses can include a variety of different types depending on the context such as public/private partnerships or piggyback on existing sports clubs or organizations. The importance of environmental context for impacting sport entrepreneurship is evident in Tjonndal’s (2017) study of women’s boxing in which the author discussed how innovation is crucial in increasing the development of new sports. Moreover, Winard et al (2016) also utilized sports entrepreneurship theory by focusing on innovation to understand how the non-profit sport sector innovates.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Let’s get physical

Jones

Williams-Burnett

et al. 2017

The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation

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The study explores the entrepreneurial experiences of sport coaches/instructors and their operation, thus contributing to a nascent literature. There is minimal literature evaluating entrepreneurial experiences in different occupational contexts. This is particularly true in newer entrepreneurial occupations such as sports coaches/instructors and how they function as business owners. This study considers the challenges, drivers, motivations and perceptions sport coaches/instructors exhibit and face. The results provided a plurality of diverse practice and attitudes towards self-employment sports coaches/instructors. In terms of motivations, respondents revealed both necessity and personal enjoyment as a driver to career choice. Respondents stressed the challenges involved with self-employment sports coaching, which included time management and problems with financing the business.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Let’s get physical

Jones

Williams-Burnett

et al. 2017

The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Desigualdades no que tange às questões de gênero são frequentes não apenas no karate, na capoeira e no MMA, mas também em diversas outras modalidades de luta, como pudemos encontrar na literatura (Appleby & Foster, 2013;Tjønndal, 2017;Woodward, 2014). No caso do boxe, percebe-se que a modalidade tem registro de pugilistas do gênero feminino já no século XVIII, mas trata-se de uma presença difícil e que tem sido marginalizada ainda hoje.…”

Section: Sobre Corpos Viris: O Imperativo Da Masculinidade Nas Amandecunclassified

Corpo a corpo: um estudo fenomenológico no karate, na capoeira e no MMA

Telles¹,

Barreira²,

Bimnenet³

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This work consists of a phenomenological study in karate, capoeira and MMA, in which the fight is anchored in the philosophical perspective of M. Merleau-Ponty. In the field of psychology, one historically perceives a privilege to the mental processes, putting the discussions on the body in a secondary place. More specifically, in sports psychology, the most traditional writings and practices are based in an objective and technicalistic look at the body. In this sense, phenomenology is considered as a strong ally for a perspective that emphasizes the body as the main topic of the combative processes. It is proposed here the analysis of three distinct fights -karate, capoeira and MMA. These ones were chosen as an attempt to consider subjectively and culturally distinct understandings of a fight, as identified in the literature. In this sense, this study aims to understand the body to body process in combat, from the experience of karate, capoeira and MMA practitioners, paying attention to the psychological and cultural processes concerning the lived constitution in the practice of each of these modalities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with karate, capoeira and MMA practitioners, with at least 5 years of practice and who had already taught or competed in the modality. These data were analyzed from a phenomenological perspective, searching for a structure for the fight in each of these modalities. Karate fight was unfolded in an attentive wait of the best way to strike the other with a decisive hit; as well as in the notion of distance, which is fundamental since its origins. In the case of capoeira, its strong relation with the music and with the Afro-Brazilian culture and history is emphasized, in which the fight appears through movements that resemble a dance. In the case of MMA, the combat brings strong individualistic appeal, seeming to correspond to Western and contemporary ideals, as each athlete makes his/her own game, the way he/she feels more at ease and in accordance with what is required to win each opponent. These results highlight distinctions in the three modalities in question, but also point to similarities, indicating a structure which can be understood as the body to body in combat. We consider its fundamental aspects, mainly through the lens of Merleau-Pontyan phenomenology, if we turn to the notions of body, movement, perception, action and habit. As a dialogue with sports psychology, gender issues are discussed in the field of martial arts & combat sports, as well as the processes of prohibition and sportization concerning karate, capoeira and MMA. It concludes with the proposition of an attentive regard to the body and its movements, through a look and listening which not ends in theoretical assumptions and interpretative frameworks. This is fundamentally about the insistence on a process of constant elucidation, especially in relation to the body to body in combat.

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“…Previous studies have explored the challenges women have faced in professional boxing ], female boxers' experiences of gender construction [Carlsson 2017], and their reduced opportunities and disadvantages [Cove and Young 2007] compared to their male counterparts. More recently, Tjønndal [2019a] explored the lived experiences of coaches and athletes in Norwegian Olympic boxing, as well as the innovation, inclusion and exclusion in women's Olympic boxing [Tjønndal 2019b]. Despite these valuable studies, from a sport psychology perspective, our understanding of the challenges female boxers face as well as strategies they have found effective in dealing with challenges across their sporting life span is limited.…”

Section: Phenomenological Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%