<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157 Infection and Secondary Spread, Scotland, 1999–2008

Locking, M.; Pollock, Kevin; Allison, Lesley; Rae, Linda; Hanson, Mary; Cowden, John

doi:10.3201/eid1703.100167

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…While this represents a significant reduction from previous years, the incidence of infection in the United States remains 7-fold higher than the incidence in Australia (0.12 cases per 100,000) (9). Furthermore, the rate of infection in Scotland has been reported at 4.4 cases per 100,000, 36-fold higher than Australia (10). Although there is currently no direct information available on the frequency of infection in Argentina, the incidence of HUS in that country is among the highest in the world (12) and most cases of HUS in this region have been attributed to E. coli O157 (6,12,14).…”

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confidence: 82%

“…Maximum parsimony analysis showed that the majority of Australian isolates (PG4 and PG6) were closer to branches overrepresented by U.S. cattle isolates (PG5) than to branches containing a higher proportion of U.S. human isolates (PG1, PG2, and PG3). The incidences and severities of disease caused by E. coli O157 differ substantially worldwide (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). In comparison to many countries, including the United States, Australia has a low reported incidence of infection (9).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…coli O157 is the primary cause of HUS in many regions and countries, including North America, Scotland, and Argentina (2,(6)(7)(8). Interestingly, though, the frequencies of HUS and incidences of infection differ substantially worldwide (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). In North America during 2010, the rate of infection in the population was estimated at 0.9 cases per 100,000 (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multilocus Genotype Analysis of Escherichia coli O157 Isolates from Australia and the United States Provides Evidence of Geographic Divergence

Mellor

Besser

Davis

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dEscherichia coli O157 is a food-borne pathogen whose major reservoir has been identified as cattle. Recent genetic information has indicated that populations of E. coli O157 from cattle and humans can differ genetically and that this variation may have an impact on their ability to cause severe human disease. In addition, there is emerging evidence that E. coli O157 strains from different geographical regions may also be genetically divergent. To investigate the extent of this variation, we used Shiga toxin bacteriophage insertion sites (SBI), lineage-specific polymorphisms (LSPA-6), multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), and a tir 255T>A polymorphism to examine 606 isolates representing both Australian and U.S. cattle and human populations. Both uni-and multivariate analyses of these data show a strong association between the country of origin and multilocus genotypes (P < 0.0001). In addition, our results identify factors that may play a role in virulence that also differed in isolates from each country, including the carriage of stx 1 in the argW locus uniquely observed in Australian isolates and the much higher frequency of stx 2 -positive (also referred to as stx 2a ) strains in the U.S. isolates (4% of Australian isolates versus 72% of U.S. isolates). LSPA-6 lineages differed between the two continents, with the majority of Australian isolates belonging to lineage I/II (LI/ II) (LI, 2%; LI/II, 85%; LII, 13%) and the majority of U.S. isolates belonging to LI (LI, 60%; LI/II, 16%; LII, 25%). The results of this study provide strong evidence of phylogeographic structuring of E. coli O157 populations, suggesting divergent evolution of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157 in Australia and the United States.

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confidence: 82%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Multilocus Genotype Analysis of Escherichia coli O157 Isolates from Australia and the United States Provides Evidence of Geographic Divergence

Mellor

Besser

Davis

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Consumption of contaminated food such as raw or undercooked ground meat products, raw milk, vegetables, fruits and well water is a common cause of STEC infections. Person-to-person transmission of STEC infection has also been reported (Locking et al, 2011;Rangel et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of a household outbreak of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Poland due to secondary transmission of STEC O104 : H4 from Germany

Januszkiewicz

Szych

Rastawicki

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…This pathogen continues to cause most of known outbreaks across the globe. 3,4 Therefore, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has enforced a "zero tolerance policy" to regulate the prevalence of O157:H7 in foods. Genetic methods, most commonly the lineage specific polymorphism assay (LSPA) 5 and clade typing, 6 have been used to separate O157:H7 strains by virulence potential and ecology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Shiga Toxin 2a Requiring Only Commercially Available Reagents

Xiaoli¹,

Dudley²

2017

Adv Food Technol Nutr Sci Open J

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CitationThis study develops a quantitative ELISA for measuring Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) produced by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), including foodborne pathogen E. coli O157:H7 by all commercially available reagents. Background: Most foodborne outbreak strains of STEC produce Stx2a, Stx2c or both, which are more frequently associated with human clinical cases, leading to severe gastrointestinal diseases or even death. However, no simple and cheap assays or kits are available for quantitative detection of Stx2a and Stx2c. Therefore, an easy and affordable quantitative method for Stx2 is needed for its pathogenesis study. Results: We successfully developed a sensitive and specific receptor-based ELISA by using all commercial available agents. Hydroxyl acyl ceramide trihexoside, an analogue of Stx2 receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), was used for antigen capture, and several critical steps were identified that must be adhered to ensure repeatability. No cross reactivity was observed with Stx1, and linear curves could be constructed using either purified Stx2a or a bacterial lysate from an Stx2a-producing E. coli O157:H7 strain. We applied this method to quantify Stx2 production by a collection of E. coli O157:H7 strains, indicating it can be extended to qualitatively evaluate Stx2c, and providing evidence that toxin production does not necessarily correlate with strain phylogeny. Conclusion: Our R-ELISA provides a reliable way to quantify Stx2a using commercially available components, and it can also be used for detecting Stx2c. This cost-effective ELISA can be easily performed, suggesting it will be a useful tool for studying pathogenesis of STEC.

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Escherichia coliO157 Infection and Secondary Spread, Scotland, 1999–2008

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

Multilocus Genotype Analysis of Escherichia coli O157 Isolates from Australia and the United States Provides Evidence of Geographic Divergence

Multilocus Genotype Analysis of Escherichia coli O157 Isolates from Australia and the United States Provides Evidence of Geographic Divergence

Molecular epidemiology of a household outbreak of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Poland due to secondary transmission of STEC O104 : H4 from Germany

A Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Shiga Toxin 2a Requiring Only Commercially Available Reagents

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