Intersectional approaches to gender based violence in universities:
Experiences and interventionGender based violence (GBV) is understood to be any act of violence and abuse that disproportionately affects women, and is rooted in systematic power differences and inequalities between women and men (Hester & Lilley, 2014). For the purposes of this chapter, GBV includes domestic violence and abuse, including coercive control, abuse mediated through the internet or mobile phones; stalking and harassment; honour-based violence and abuse, including forced marriage; and sexual violence and abuse (c.f. Gangoli, Bates & Hester, 2020). There is an international body of evidence indicating that one-third to one-half of university students are subjected to GBV during their time at university (e.g. Australian Human Rights Commission, 2017; Fedina, Holmes & Backes, 2018), and nearly 16% of students have been subjected to GBV before joining university (Fisher, Cullen & Turner, 2000). These diverse experiences have a profound impact on the lives of the victims and survivors, and their experience of higher education (e.g. Australian Human Rights Commission, 2017;Stenning, Mitra-Kahn & Gunby, 2012).While there is a wide body of work on GBV in the UK and internationally, there is a paucity of material that highlights the voices of victims and survivors (see Mulvihill et al., 2018) in general; and in particular with victims/survivors of GBV in UK universities settings. This paper draws on the conceptual framework of intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1991) to explore this in the context of GBV in university settings in the UK. We use the concepts of intersectionality to explore unique and original empirical interview data that address diverse women's experiences of GBV while at university, including university responses. We will explore women's positioning in terms of gender, student identity, ethnicity, and social class.