<i>FLT3</i> mutations in myeloid sarcoma

Ansari-Lari, M. Ali; Yang, Ching Fen; Tinawi-Aljundi, Rima; Cooper, Lisa; Long, Patricia P.; Allan, Robert H.; Borowitz, Michael J.; Berg, Karin D.; Murphy, Kathleen M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05124.x

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[26] Some studies have found an association between FLT3-ITD mutation and EML, so that in one study, 15% of MS patients have this mutation. [27,28] CD56, a neural cell-adhesion molecule, is expressed in normal, natural killer cells. Aberrant expression of CD56 in AML blasts, particularly AML with translocation t(8:21) correlates with a worse prognosis than CD56-negative cases.…”

Section: Genetic and Molecular Features Of Extramedullary Infiltratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and cellular aspects of extramedullary manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia

Mohammadi-Asl¹,

Khosravi²,

Shahjahani³

et al. 2015

J Cancer Metastasis Treat

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The myeloid extramedullary tumor is a solid tumor formed by infiltration of immature myeloid cells in various tissues of the body. This tumor is also identified as chloroma or myeloid sarcoma (MS). MS is a manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) occurring at presentation or during treatment or relapse. MS is associated with multiple chromosomal abnormalities and molecular mutations since patients with these disorders bear a high potential for MS manifestation. There is a high incidence of extramedullary infiltration (EMI) in AML. AML patients with EMI have a worse prognosis than patients without it. Hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic stem cells reside in a special bone marrow microenvironment called niche, which is essential for their normal functions. Cancers are exploited dysfunctional cell-cell and matrix-cell interactions, which convert a normal niche into a neoplastic niche. This study summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular characteristics of AML with EMI and extramedullary niches in AML patients.

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Section: Genetic and Molecular Features Of Extramedullary Infiltratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[63] As previously mentioned, NPM-1 and FLT3-ITD mutations, as well as some other cytogenetic abnormalities, are associated with increased risk of EMI. [25,27,28] In summary, deregulated miRNAs in these disorders can be considered as candidate markers for future studies in MS patients [ Table 2]. …”

Section: Micrornas' Significance In Extramedullary Amlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and cellular aspects of extramedullary manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia

Mohammadi-Asl¹,

Khosravi²,

Shahjahani³

et al. 2015

J Cancer Metastasis Treat

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“…64 In a small pathologic series, FLT3 mutations were identified in 15% of MS cases. 66 Interestingly, there was discordance between the MS and marrow in 2 of the patients. The rate and biologic significance of discordance between leukemic cells in the marrow and involved tissue of the same patient are unknown and require further study.…”

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confidence: 99%

How I treat extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia

Bakst¹,

Tallman

Douer

et al. 2011

Blood

421

586

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IntroductionAcute leukemia may present in a variety of extramedullary (EM) tissues with or without bone marrow disease. EM involvement by acute leukemia is a relatively rare, but clinically significant, phenomenon that often poses therapeutic dilemmas. Myeloid sarcoma (MS) and leukemia cutis (LC) represent 2 well-known EM manifestations. MS (also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma) is a rare EM tumor of immature myeloid cells. It was first described in 1811 1 and later named "chloroma" by King 2 in 1853 because of its green color caused by the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO). 3 Five decades later, the relationship of MS to acute leukemia was identified. 4 The term "granulocytic sarcoma" was introduced later by Rappaport to describe only tumors of granulocytic origin 5 ; however, the term is now often applied to any tumor related to acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).LC is the infiltration of the epidermis, dermis, or subcutis by neoplastic leukocytes (leukemia cells) resulting in clinically identifiable cutaneous lesions. LC commonly results in subcutaneous nodules and can be confusingly referred to as cutaneous granulocytic sarcoma. 6,7 For the purposes of this article, LC will refer to cutaneous involvement only. LC has been described mostly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but also in the accelerated phase of chronic myeloid leukemia, MDS, and rarely in acute lymphocytic leukemias. 7 In this article, we describe an approach and therapeutic strategies for patients with EM manifestations of leukemia by addressing a series of questions commonly raised by the practicing clinician. How common are MS and LC, respectively?MS is reported in 2.5%-9.1% 8-10 of patients with AML and occurs concomitantly, following, or, rarely, antedating the onset of systemic bone marrow leukemia. 11 Isolated MS, defined by the absence of a history of leukemia, MDS, or myeloproliferative neoplasm and a negative bone morrow biopsy, has been described in limited case reports. 12 Many of these patients are often misdiagnosed with lymphoma. 13,14 Certain known AML cytogenetic abnormalities, in particular t(8,21), have been associated with a higher incidence. 15 MS can also develop at relapse with or without marrow involvement. The incidence of patients developing MS after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been reported to be 0.2%-1.3% with poor overall survival. 16,17 LC occurs in ϳ 3% of patients with AML 18 and less frequently in chronic leukemias. 19 The reported incidence may be overestimated if biopsy is not performed because skin lesions similar to LC have a wide range of inflammatory, neoplastic, and infectious etiologies. 19 Certain subtypes of AML are more commonly associated with skin infiltration. The most frequent association occurs with acute myelomonocytic and monocytic differentiation with involvement in up to 50% of patients. 18,20,21 The incidence of LC may be higher in children, particularly infants with myeloid leukemia. 22 How do MS and LC most often present clinically?MS most...

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“…Fifteen percent of patients with extramedullary AML were positive for ITD-Flt3 (Ansari-Lari et al, 2004), suggesting that ITD-Flt3 may affect migration and trafficking of leukemia cells. ITD-Flt3 mutations cause extramedullary infiltration of hematopoietic cells with splenomegaly in a myeloproliferative disease model in mice (Kelly LM et al, 2002).…”

Section: Itd-flt3 Alters Chemotaxis Induced By Sdf1/cxcr4 Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trafficking of Acute Leukemia Cells – Chemokine Receptor Pathways that Modulate Leukemia Cell Dissemination

Fukuda¹,

Onishi²,

Pelus³

2011

Acute Leukemia - The Scientist's Perspective and Challenge

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FLT3 mutations in myeloid sarcoma

Cited by 63 publications

References 30 publications

Molecular and cellular aspects of extramedullary manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia

Molecular and cellular aspects of extramedullary manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia

How I treat extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia

Trafficking of Acute Leukemia Cells – Chemokine Receptor Pathways that Modulate Leukemia Cell Dissemination

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