<i>Ginkgo biloba</i>extract (GbE) enhances the anti-atherogenic effect of cilostazol by inhibiting ROS generation

Jung, In Hyuk; Lee, You Han; Yoo, Ji Young; Jeong, Se Jin; Sonn, Seong Keun; Park, Jong Gil; Ryu, Keun Ho; Lee, Bong Yong; Han, Hye Young; Lee, So Young; Kim, Dae Yong; Lee, Hang; Oh, Goo Taeg

doi:10.3858/emm.2012.44.5.035

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, it is widely used for the treatment of several neurological disorders for its anti-oxidant and anti-platelet properties [ 21 – 23 ]. EGb761 has anti-oxidant effects in cerebral and peripheral arterial diseases by inhibiting ROS generation [ 24 ]. Moreover, it has been recently reported that EGb761 has anti-proliferation and apoptosis-inducting effects in various cancers such as those of the pancreas and colon [ 25 – 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis Induced by Ginkgo biloba (EGb761) in Melanoma Cells Is Mcl-1-Dependent

Lv¹,

Cheng

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer. Unfortunately, there is currently no chemotherapeutic agent available to significantly prolong the survival of the most patients with metastatic melanomas. Here we report that the Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761), one of the most widely sold herbal supplements in the world, potently induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells by disturbing the balance between pro- and anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 family proteins. Treatment with EGb761 induced varying degrees of apoptosis in melanoma cell lines but not in melanocytes. Induction of apoptosis was caspase-dependent and appeared to be mediated by the mitochondrial pathway, in that it was associated with reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of Bax and Bak. Although EGb761 did not cause significant change in the expression levels of the BH3-only Bcl-2 family proteins Bim, Puma, Noxa, and Bad, it significantly downregulated Mcl-1 in sensitive but not resistant melanoma cells, suggesting a major role of Mcl-1 in regulating apoptosis of melanoma cells induced by EGb761. Indeed, siRNA knockdown of Mcl-1 enhanced EGb761-induced apoptosis, which was associated with increased activation of Bax and Bak. Taken together, these results demonstrate that EGb761 kills melanoma cells through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and that Mcl-1 is a major regulator of sensitivity of melanoma cells to apoptosis induced by EGb761. Therefore, EGb761 with or without in combination with targeting Mcl-1 may be a useful strategy in the treatment of melanoma.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis Induced by Ginkgo biloba (EGb761) in Melanoma Cells Is Mcl-1-Dependent

Lv¹,

Cheng

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dies könnte für die Sekundärprävention relevant sein, und eine neuere In-vivo-Studie zeigte unter der Kombination von Cilostazol mit einem Gingkoextrakt einen additiven Effekt [46]. …”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Klinische Studien bei peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit: Update unter den Aspekten eines meta-narrativen Reviews

Melzer

Saller

2013

Complement Med Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hintergrund: Atherosklerose ist eine Systemerkrankung. Die Assoziation mit dem metabolischen Syndrom bedingt ein multimodales Therapie-Setting zur Symptomlinderung sowie zur Primär- und Sekundärprävention. In der Therapieplanung sind Informationen zur Evidenz der Interventionen und eine logische Grundlage für eine sinnvolle Kombination wichtig. Methode: Für einen meta-narrativen Review (MNR) zur Evidenz komplementärmedizinischer und konventioneller Pharmakotherapien bei peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (PAVK) wurden mittels systematischer Literaturrecherche (Datenbanken z.B. MEDLINE; Suchbegriffe z.B. Pharmakotherapie) bis September 2012 Meta-Analysen randomisierter kontrollierter Studien (RCTs) unter den Aspekten Netzwerkpharmakologie und Forschungsparameter evaluiert. Ergebnisse: Es wurden 4 verwertbare Meta-Analysen gefunden. Gegenüber Placebo bewirken die Vera eine signifikante Zunahme der maximalen Gehstrecke um 63,5 m (95% Konfidenzintervall (CI) 27,11-99,91 m; Padma 28, Tibetische Rezeptur), 41,3 m (95% CI -7,1-89,7 m; Cilostazol, Phosphodiesterase-IIl-Hemmer), 43,8 m (95% CI 14,1-73,6 m; Pentoxifyllin, Rheologikum) und 71,2 m (95% CI 13,3-129,0 m; Naftidrofuryl, Rheologikum). Einzig für Padma 28 wurde die klinische Relevanz, definiert als Verlängerung der maximalen Gehstrecke um >100 m, analysiert und unter Verum von 18,2% der Patienten gegenüber 2,1% unter Placebo erreicht (Odds Ratio 10; 95% CI 3,03-33,33). Je 1 konventionelles und komplementärmedizinisches Arzneimittel zeigten außerdem signifikante pleiotrope Effekte (Padma 28 und Cilostazol (z.B. Reduktion der Triglyceride)). Schlussfolgerungen: Der MNR zeigt, dass gemäß meta-analytischer Evidenz Naftidrofuryl und Padma 28 zur Therapie früher Stadien der PAVK klinisch relevant wirksam sind. Inwiefern die theoretische Kombinierbarkeit von Pharmaka zur Verbesserung der Systemerkrankung nach netzwerkpharmakologischen Aspekten (z.B. Synergien pleiotroper Effekte, Reduktion von Nebenwirkungen durch niedrigere Tagesdosen) zur klinischen Wirksamkeit beiträgt, muss in einer mehrarmigen RCT evaluiert werden.

show abstract

“…[8] Ginkgo biloba extracts that exert neuroprotective effects by complex mechanisms such as potent platelet-activating factor antagonism, increased blood fl ow, and free-radical scavenging have been used for cerebrovascular insuffi ciency, dementia, stroke, tinnitus, and others. [9][10][11] The combination of these two drugs has been documented to enhance antiplatelet/antithrombotic, [12] anti-atherogenic, [13] and neuroprotective effects [14] of each drug. The present study was designed to investigate the postexposure protective effects of renexin on hearing, the organ of Corti (OC), and MOC efferents against damage caused by noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Renexin as a rescue regimen for noise-induced hearing loss

Park

Back²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

Noise Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Renexin, a compound of cilostazol and ginkgo biloba extract, has been reported to produce neuroprotective effects through antioxidant, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory mechanisms. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of renexin on hearing, the organ of Corti (OC), and medial olivocochlear efferents against noise-induced damage. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 110 dB SPL white noise for 60 min and then randomly divided into three groups: high- and low-dose renexin-treated groups and noise only group. Renexin were administered for 7 days: 90 mg/kg to the low-dose, and 180 mg/kg to the high-dose groups. All mice, including the controls underwent hearing tests on postnoise day 8 and were killed for cochlear harvest. We compared the hearing thresholds and morphology of the OC and cochlear efferents across the groups. The renexin-treated groups recovered from the immediate threshold shifts in a dose-dependent manner, while the noise group showed a permanent hearing loss. The renexin-treated ears demonstrated less degeneration of the OC. The diameters of the efferent terminals labeled with α-synuclein were preserved in the high-dose renexin-treated group. In the western blot assay of the cochlear homogenates, the treated groups displayed stronger expressions of α-synuclein than the noise and control groups, which may indicate that noise-induced enhanced activity of the cochlear efferent system was protected by renexin. Our results suggest that pharmacologic treatment with renexin is hopeful to reduce or prevent noise-induced hearing loss as a rescue regimen after noise exposure.

show abstract

Ginkgo bilobaextract (GbE) enhances the anti-atherogenic effect of cilostazol by inhibiting ROS generation

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Apoptosis Induced by Ginkgo biloba (EGb761) in Melanoma Cells Is Mcl-1-Dependent

Apoptosis Induced by Ginkgo biloba (EGb761) in Melanoma Cells Is Mcl-1-Dependent

Klinische Studien bei peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit: Update unter den Aspekten eines meta-narrativen Reviews

Renexin as a rescue regimen for noise-induced hearing loss

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About