Gordonibacter

Abstract

Gor.do.ni.bac'ter. N.L. masc. n. bacter , a rod; N.L. masc. n. Gordonibacter , a rod named after Jeffrey I. Gordon, the Dr. Robert J. Glaser Distinguished University Professor and Director of the Center for Genome Sciences at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; N.L. masc. n. bacter a rod; N.L. masc. n. Gordonibacter a rod named after Jeffrey I. Gordon. Actinomycetota / Coriobacteriia / Eggerthellales / Eggerthellaceae / Gordonibacter The genus Gordonibacter accommodates bacteria species that are part of the human gut microbiota and have the ability to metabolize dietary polyphenols such as ellagitannins into bioactive metabolites known as urolithins. Cells of this genus are Gram‐positive, obligatorily anaerobic, motile, non‐spore‐forming, and short‐rod shaped. Often, one cell end appears conical in shape with a pronounced apex ending and with subpolar flagellum insertion. Cells are oxidase‐negative, catalase‐positive, and arginine dihydrolase‐positive, and nitrate is not reduced. They are mesophilic. Growth is generally slow and can be enhanced by the supplementation of the basal medium with 1% arginine hydrochloride (w/v). The major respiratory lipoquinone present is menaquinone 6. Cellular fatty acids consist mainly (70–90%) of saturated fatty acids (predominantly C 14 , C 15 , and C 16 ) and monounsaturated fatty acids (mainly C 18:1 ω9 c ). The major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and four to six glycolipids. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 65.1–66.4. The known habitat is the human intestine. Type species : Gordonibacter pamelaeae Würdemann et al. 2009 VP .

In vivo administration of gut bacterial consortia replicates urolithin metabotypes A and B in a non-urolithin-producing rat model

“…After anaerobic incubation, consortia were prepared. 24,25 Briefly, "bacterial consortium A" contained G. urolithinfaciens and E. bolteae strains; "bacterial consortium B" contained E. isourolithinifaciens and E. bolteae cultures; and "control cocktail" contained sterile PBS with 10% glycerol and 0.05% L-cysteine hydrochloride. Before administration, all cocktails were distributed in 3.5 mL aliquots and kept at −80 °C.…”

“…Recently, the gut bacterial consortia involved in EA metabolism to yield the Uro-producing metabotypes (UM-A and UM-B) in vitro have been identified. 24 Bacterial consortia containing Gordonibacter plus Enterocloster genera and Ellagibacter plus Enterocloster produced in vitro the urolithins associated with UM-A and UM-B, respectively. 25 However, the ability of these bacterial consortia to replicate human Uro profiles associated with UM-A and UM-B in vivo is still unknown.…”

Nonextractable Polyphenols: A Relevant Group with Health Effects

“…At the moment, information on the gut bacteria involved in the colonic transformation of polyphenols is still limited, although there is already a certain level of knowledge of the modifications caused by these dietary constituents (Espín et al, 2017) and even some specific bacterial species involved in the transformation of ellagitannins have been reported (Selma et al, 2014;Selma et al, 2017;Gaya et al, 2018). Since, as previously stated, the chemical structures of EPP and NEPP reaching the colon are similar (differing in chain length or association with macromolecules), it may be assumed that they will be transformed by the same species.…”