Haematococcus Pluvialis Extends Yeast Lifespan and Improves Slc25a46 Gene Knockout‐Associated Mice Phenotypic Defects

Abstract

Scope: Aging has become one of major concern worldwide. It is therefore of great significance in finding food resources as therapeutic candidates for aging-related functional decline improvement and prevention. This study aimed to define the potency of Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) as an anti-aging food resource. Methods and Results: Yeast is used to explore the anti-aging effects of H. pluvialis. The result showed that H. pluvialis extract could effectively extend yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promoting mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels and accumulating storage carbohydrate (glycogen). Subsequently, Slc25a46 knockout (Slc25a46 -/-) mice with mitochondrial dysfunction are fed with 100 mg kg −1 H. pluvialis extracts for 10 days. The in vivo data demonstrated that H. pluvialis extract could effectively improve the phenotypic deficits, including underweight, muscle weakness, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction, etc., in Slc25a46 -/mice. Conclusions: This work highlights that the mitochondria may be a potential therapeutic target for combating aging, and demonstrated that H. pluvialis, as a dietary supplement, may potentially be an effective preventive substance that may contribute to the promotion of healthy aging.

Maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis for Alzheimer's disease: Strategies and challenges

“… Classification Drug Mechanism Ref. Improve mitochondrial energy metabolism Vitamin E, vitamin C, alpha-lipoic acid, MitoQ, curcumin, astaxanthin, ginkgo biloba preparations Reduce superoxide radicals and scavenge hydrogen peroxide [ [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] ] Cyclosporin A mPTP inhibitor [ 87 ] Nicardipine Calcium channel blocker [ 64 ] sodium rutin Enhances the level of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation [ 89 ] Batrachocholine Improve mitochondrial ATP metabolism and modifying antioxidant proteins [ 90 ] Ginsenoside R b1 Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity [ 91 , 92 ] Balance the mitochondrial dynamics Mdivi-1 Repairs mitochondrial breakage and distribution defects [ 76 ] SS-31 Acts on the cardiolipin of mitochondrial inner membrane [ 93 , 94 ] Butylphthalide Balances the mitochondrial dynamics [ 95 ] Coordinate mitochondrial quality control Rapamycin, Torin1 and niclosamide Downregulation of the mTORC1 pathway [ 96 ] …”

“…Currently, impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism is mainly treated with antioxidants to reverse oxidative stress and restore mitochondrial function. Antioxidants that can reduce superoxide radicals and scavenge hydrogen peroxide include vitamin E, vitamin C, alpha-lipoic acid, MitoQ, curcumin, astaxanthin and ginkgo biloba preparations etc [ [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] ].…”

Microalgae Produce Antioxidant Molecules with Potential Preventive Effects on Mitochondrial Functions and Skeletal Muscular Oxidative Stress

“…Fcx has been reported to promote glucose uptake by skeletal muscle through the translocation of the glucose transporter, GLUT4, to membranes [153], but with different effects, depending on the muscle type [154,155]. In mice, the use of Fcx increased the weight of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles, and decreases the OS in the tibialis anterior muscle through the phosphorylation of mTOR and suppression of the AMPK pathway [156,157].…”