Helicobacter pyloriinfection and diabetes: Is it a myth or fact

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human bacterial pathogens, and infection causes a wide array of gastric disorders, including simple gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric malignancies. Gastrointestinal inflammation caused by H. pylori can influence the absorption of glucose and lipids, which are also abnormal in diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), formerly known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes, is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. It is an emerging pandemic and is rapidly becoming a serious threat to public health. Emerging data now indicate a strong relationship between H. pylori infection and the incidence of T2DM. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes are complex, involving insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, insulin secretion deficiency as a result of pancreas β-cell dysfunction, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity. H. pylori infection is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, and the growing awareness of its role in diabetes is important for the early detection of glucose dysregulation and prevention of T2DM in high-risk communities. This review probes the possible relationship between H. pylori and diabetes according to epidemiological surveys and discusses putative mechanisms underlying this correlation.

Helicobacter pylori infection associated with type 2 diabetic nephropathy in patients with dyspeptic symptoms

“…However, some studies found a similar or even lower prevalence of H. pylori in diabetics compared with non-diabetic controls (14)(15)(16)(17). The mixed results are likely due to the inconsistency in the methods adopted to define H. pylori activity, diabetes status and differences in sample size.…”

“…However, there are also contradictory reports of H. pylori prevalence in diabetic patients compared to control subjects (14)(15)(16)(17). Limited comparative studies are available for H. pylori infection and diabetic nephropathy particularly in advanced nephropathy associated with proteinuria (18).…”

The effects of helicobacter pylori infection on nutrition status and metabolism

“…The presence of H.pylori infection in patients with diabetes, glucose and lipid absorption is affected by gastrointestinal inflammation induced by H.pylori that may be a risk factor for ensuring blood glucose regulation in diabetic patients 58 . The presence of H.pylori infection in diabetic individuals is associated with microalbuminuria and albumin/creatinine ratio 59 .…”

Ghrelin Level in Syndrome Dyspepsia

“…While ghrelin otherwise serves lowering the energy expenditure and cause weight gain. 4 Various studies reported that Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach can increase the production of leptin and decrease the production of ghrelin, which can lead to obesity and diabetes mellitus. 5 In chronic gastritis associated Helicobacter pylori, it was found that the levels of ghrelin was low.…”

“…Ghrelin and leptin plays a role in energy homeostasis. 4 Leptin is produced by the adipocyte cells, serves to reduce the food intake and increase energy expenditure. While ghrelin otherwise serves lowering the energy expenditure and cause weight gain.…”