Hypnea musciformis: alternative or complement to the production ofKappaphycus alvareziiintroduced in tropical countries?

Abstract

Hypnea musciformis that are harvested from natural beds and introduced Kappaphycus alvarezii are the two main sources of raw material for the production of carrageenan in Brazil. The daily growth rate (DGR) and carrageenan yield (CY) of both species were evaluated in vitro and in the sea to assess the feasibility of cultivating H. musciformis as a complement or as an alternative to the production of K. alvarezii. The DGR of H. musciformis (10.8 ± 0.6% day−1) was higher than the DGR of K. alvarezii (5.6 ± 0.3% day−1) in vitro, and the CY extracted using NaOH (62.3 ± 0.15%) was better than using KOH (32.0 ± 0.3%). In eutrophic medium, the DGR of H. musciformis (9.4 ± 2.1% day−1) was higher than that of K. alvarezii (5.0 ± 1.2% day−1). However, in this condition, the CY was similar for both species (50.2 ± 3.5%), and both species were effective in removing nutrients (30% NH4+, 18% NO2− and 2.4% PO43−). H. musciformis did not survive when cultivated in the sea, neither in monospecific nor in multispecific cultivation. Moreover, K. alvarezii grew better in monospecific cultivation throughout the year (from 1.73 to 5.15% day−1) except during the wet period and the CY was high in both cultivation types (33.7–50.8%). We conclude that the cultivation of H. musciformis is not an alternative to K. alvarezii on the Brazilian southeastern coast. However, the results in vitro suggested its use as a complementary source of carrageenan or as a biological filter.

A novel two‐stage seaweed integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture

“…), and like Gracilaria , it has an essential implication in the food and phycocolloid gelling industries (Friedlander & Zelikovitch ; Pereira & Yarish ; Castelar et al . ; Cosenza et al . ).…”

“…The genera Ulva and Gracilaria, which are commonly used in IMTA studies (Mart ınez-Arag on et al 2002), are characterized by high growth rates, high biofiltration capacities and high tissue nitrogen content Buschmann et al 1996;Troell et al 1997). The genus Hypnea has also been suggested as an important candidate for aquaculture (Ryther et al 1975;Haines 1976;Guist et al 1982;Wallner et al 1992;Ganesan et al 2006), and like Gracilaria, it has an essential implication in the food and phycocolloid gelling industries (Friedlander & Zelikovitch 1984;Pereira & Yarish 2008;Castelar et al 2016;Cosenza et al 2017). As far as we know, however, very few IMTA studies have incorporated Hypnea sp.…”

A bioeconomic analysis of the potential of seaweed Hypnea pseudomusciformis farming to different targeted markets

“…Seaweeds of the genera Hypnea can be destined for human consumption (Pereira, 2016;White & Wilson, 2015), to produce carrageenan (Greer et al, 1984;Guist et al, 1982), and glycolic extract for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry (Chakraborty et al, 2016;Shareef et al, 2012;Xu et al, 2015). Hypnea musciformis are epiphytic macroalgae that are naturally distributed around the world and occur in shallow tropical and subtropical marine areas (Berchez et al, 1993;Castelar et al, 2016;Guist et al, 1982;Nauer et al, 2015). The species was recently redescribed in South America as Hypnea pseudomusciformis (Nauer et al, 2015).…”