In Situ Nitrogen Retention of Carbon Anode for Enhancing the Electrochemical Performance for Sodium‐Ion Battery

Abstract

Retaining nitrogen for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon anode is a cost-effective way to make full use of the advantages of PAN for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Here, a simple strategy has been successfully adopted to retain N atoms in situ and increase production yield of a novel composite PAZ by mixing 3 wt % of zinc borate (ZB) with poly (acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid) (PANIA). Among the prepared carbonised fibre (CF) samples, PAZ-CF-700 maintains the highest N content, retaining 90 % of the original N from PANIA. It represents the highest capacity storage contribution (80.55 %) and the lowest impedance R ct (117 Ω). Consequently, the specific capacity increases from 60 mAh g À 1 of PANIA-CF-700 to 190 mAh g À 1 of PAZ-CF-700 at a current density of 100 mA g À 1 . At the same time, PAZ-CF-700 exhibits a good rate performance and excellent long-term cycling stability with a specific capacity of 94 mAh g À 1 after 4000 cycles at 1.6 A g À 1 .

Combustion Activation Induced Solid‐State Synthesis for N, B Co‐Doped Carbon/Zinc Borate Anode with a Boosting of Sodium Storage Performance

“…When compared with previous reported zinc borate or ZnO based anodes, CBZG anode is still competitive and superior (Figure 4e ). [ 15 , 25 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ] The cycling performance of CBZG anode in ether‐ or ester‐based electrolyte is also displayed in Figure 4f,g . In contrast to ester‐based electrolyte, ether‐based electrolyte has a higher capacity retention of 80.0% after 500 cycles at 2 A g −1 , a larger capacity retention of 84.3% and nearly 100% columbic efficiency, even after 12 000 cycles at 10 A g −1 .…”