In situ Electrochemical Synthesis of a Composite Film Containing Nickel Hexacyanoferrate and Bentonite Clay for the Sensitive Determination of Acetaminophen and Dopamine

Abstract

A composite film of nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) and bentonite (Bt) clay (abbreviated as NiHCF−Bt) is synthesized by an in situ electrochemical method. For this synthesis, nickel ions are immobilized on Bt clay by an ion‐exchange process, equilibrating Bt clay with nickel nitrate. On a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the nickel ion‐exchanged Bt clay (Ni2+−Bt) is coated to get the modified electrode which is represented as GCE/Ni2+−Bt. The NiHCF−Bt composite film is prepared on the GCE surface using the GCE/Ni2+−Bt and scanning the electrode potentials between −0.10 to 1.00 V continuously in an aqueous solution containing potassium hexacyanoferrate and potassium chloride. This NiHCF−Bt modified GCE (GCE/NiHCF−Bt) exhibits redox peaks due to the oxidation and reduction of the central metal ion, Fe2+. The electro‐generated Fe3+ present in the GCE/NiHCF−Bt, electrocatalytically oxidizes a range of drugs like acetaminophen (AC), dopamine (DA), and tyrosine (TY) at decreased overpotentials with high current. This property is advantageously used for the precise quantification of AC, DA, and TY. Sensitivity, limit of detection, and linear calibration range for the determination of AC are found to be 0.20 μA μM−1 cm−2, 1.5 μM, and 25.0–1000.0 μM, respectively. Further, the amount of AC present in pharmaceutical products is satisfactorily quantified which demonstrated the use of the NiHCF−Bt composite film in electroanalysis.

Sensitive Determination of Acetaminophen in the Presence of Dopamine and Pyridoxine Facilitated by their Extent of Interaction with Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes

“…The above data show that the GC/SWCNTs electrode looks promising for the sensitive and selective determination of AC and this is confirmed by Table giving a comparison of the analytical parameters for the determination AC at the GC/SWCNTs together with other reported electrochemical methods . As compared to the reported methods , the present method shows low LOD, high sensitivity and low oxidation potential for the AC determination.…”

“…The above data show that the GC/SWCNTs electrode looks promising for the sensitive and selective determination of AC and this is confirmed by Table giving a comparison of the analytical parameters for the determination AC at the GC/SWCNTs together with other reported electrochemical methods . As compared to the reported methods , the present method shows low LOD, high sensitivity and low oxidation potential for the AC determination. Careful comparison of the parameters based on the data in Table infers that the present method is superior over many other methods and therefore this route can be utilized for the selective quantitative recognition of AC even in the presence of DA and PY.…”

Solvothermal synthesis of organoclay/Cu-MOF composite and its application in film modified GCE for simultaneous electrochemical detection of deoxyepinephrine, acetaminophen and tyrosine

“…This result is consistent with the CV response, confirming that the electrochemical response of AC at bare GCE interfered with that of DXEP as reported in the literature. 52–54 The peak-to-peak separations at Sa-TN 50 /Cu 3 (BTC) 2 /GCE were found to be Δ E DXEP-AC = 22 mV and Δ E DXEP-TYR = 27 mV. Thus at modified electrode the simultaneous detection of the three analytes is feasible.…”