<i>In situ</i> generation of plasma-activated aerosols <i>via</i> surface acoustic wave nebulization for portable spray-based surface bacterial inactivation

Wong, Kiing S.; Lim, William T.H.; Ooi, Chien Wei; Yeo, Leslie; Tan, Ming K.

doi:10.1039/d0lc00001a

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…1 (a–iii) and 1 (b–i) that the entire paper strip, with a width of 8 mm and a length greater than 10 mm, is exposed to the plasma that is generated by the thousands of nanorods, each of which resembles a nanoscale needle. This is, in contrast, to the cometary discharge setup using a single (or two) point sources in preceding work 15 , where exposure across a small spot of approximately ϕ pls ≈ 3 mm on the paper strip could only be achieved albeit at higher intensities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…As such, a rapid and miniaturized system that facilitates on-demand generation of plasma-activated water at the point-of-use for surface decontamination constitutes a significant practical advantage over conventional systems. While our previous study conceptually demonstrated the possibility of generating aerosols with a portable nebulization system that was subsequently plasma-activated using cometary discharge for spray-deposition of surfaces for bacterial inactivation 15 , the use of two cometary discharge systems to provide sufficient uniform areal plasma coverage to activate the water feed to the nebulizer to be aerosolized, however, prevented integration into a compact and lightweight miniaturized setup that facilitates portable operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we utilize the potential of both nanoscale plasma and aerosol generation systems in tandem to demonstrate an efficient and portable system for in situ production of plasma-activated aerosols that can be used for surface pathogen decontamination on-demand. The former comprises zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods that resemble thousands of nanoscale needles with near-singular electric fields, which we show, for the first time, can be efficiently charged to produce atmospheric pressure plasma with a high concentration of reactive species over a large coverage area, without the need for multiple plasma generators 15 . The latter, on the other hand, involves the use of chip-scale high frequency nanometer amplitude electromechanical excitation in the form of surface acoustic waves (SAWs), whose unprecedented surface vibrational acceleration on the order of 10 million g ’s provides a mechanism for interfacial destabilization 16 that is highly effective for the generation of micron-dimension aerosol droplets 17 , 18 for applications across pulmonary drug delivery 19 , thermal management 20 , water filtration 21 , thin-film deposition 22 , mass spectrometry 23 , 24 , and material synthesis/crystallization 25 , 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale plasma-activated aerosol generation for in situ surface pathogen disinfection

et al. 2022

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Plasma treatment constitutes an efficient method for chemical-free disinfection. A spray-based system for dispensing plasma-activated aerosols onto surfaces would facilitate disinfection of complex and/or hidden surfaces inaccessible to direct line-of-sight (for example, UV) methods. The complexity and size of current plasma generators (for example, plasma jet and cometary plasma systems)—which prohibit portable operation, together with the short plasma lifetimes, necessitate a miniaturized in situ technique in which a source can be simultaneously activated and administered on-demand onto surfaces. Here, we demonstrate this possibility by combining two nanoscale technologies for plasma and aerosol generation into an integrated device that is sufficiently small and lightweight. Plasma is generated on a carpet of zinc oxide nanorods comprising a nanoneedle ensemble, which when raised to a high electric potential, constitutes a massive point charge array with near-singular electric fields to effect atmospheric breakdown. The plasma is then used to activate water transported through an underlying capillary wick, that is subsequently aerosolized under MHz-order surface acoustic waves. We show that the system, besides being amenable to miniaturization and hence integration into a chipscale device, leads to a considerable improvement in plasma-activation over its macroscale cometary discharge predecessor, with up to 20% and 127% higher hydrogen peroxide and nitrite ion concentrations that are respectively generated in the plasma-activated aerosols. This, in turn, leads to a 67% reduction in the disinfection time to achieve 95% bacterial load reduction, therefore demonstrating the potential of the technology as an efficient portable platform for on-demand field-use surface disinfection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale plasma-activated aerosol generation for in situ surface pathogen disinfection

et al. 2022

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“…As a result, all three types of solutions showed significant effects. As another example of vaporized application, Wong et al treated deionized water with plasma and then made an aerosol with acoustic waves to see the antimicrobial activity, which showed a 95% reduction in 30 min of treatment [66]. These experiments show that PAL has an antimicrobial effect not only in the bulk liquid state, but also in vaporized or aerosol form.…”

Section: Sterilization and Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Plasma-Activated Liquid in the Medical Field

Kim

2021

Biomedicines

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Much progress has been made since plasma was discovered in the early 1900s. The first form of plasma was thermal type, which was limited for medical use due to potential thermal damage on living cells. In the late 1900s, with the development of a nonthermal atmospheric plasma called cold plasma, profound clinical research began and ‘plasma medicine’ became a new area in the academic field. Plasma began to be used mainly for environmental problems, such as water purification and wastewater treatment, and subsequent research on plasma and liquid interaction led to the birth of ‘plasma-activated liquid’ (PAL). PAL is currently used in the fields of environment, food, agriculture, nanoparticle synthesis, analytical chemistry, and sterilization. In the medical field, PAL usage can be expanded for accessing places where direct application of plasma is difficult. In this review, recent studies with PAL will be introduced to inform researchers of the application plan and possibility of PAL in the medical field.

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“…For a more detailed description of plasma sources, see papers [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. A special DC discharge called cometary was described by Scholtz and Julák [ 4 , 5 ] and used, among others, by Wong et al [ 6 ]. The point-to-ring arrangement of the corona discharge has been applied in onychomycosis therapy [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Dermatophytes Causing Onychomycosis Using Non-Thermal Plasma as a Prerequisite for Therapy

Lokajová

Julák

Khun

et al. 2021

JoF

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Following our previous study of the therapy of onychomycosis by non-thermal plasma (NTP) and nail hygiene and to obtain some prerequisite data of dermatophytes sensitivity, the dynamics of those inactivation by NTP plasma was monitored for various strains of Trichophyton iterdigitale, Trichophyton benhamiae, Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum canis. Three strains of each species on agar plates were exposed with plasma produced by a DC corona discharge in the point-to-ring arrangement in various time intervals. Although all strains were sufficiently sensitive to plasma action, significant differences were observed in their sensitivity and inactivation dynamics. These differences did not correlate with the species classification of individual strains, but could be assigned to four arbitrarily created types of strain response to NTP according to their sensitivity. These results indicate that the sensitivity to plasma is not an inherent property of the fungal species, but varies from strain to strain.

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In situ generation of plasma-activated aerosols via surface acoustic wave nebulization for portable spray-based surface bacterial inactivation

Abstract: We demonstrate an efficient technique for in situ production and application of plasma-activated aerosols for surface disinfection.

Cited by 27 publications

References 120 publications

Nanoscale plasma-activated aerosol generation for in situ surface pathogen disinfection

Nanoscale plasma-activated aerosol generation for in situ surface pathogen disinfection

Applications of Plasma-Activated Liquid in the Medical Field

Inactivation of Dermatophytes Causing Onychomycosis Using Non-Thermal Plasma as a Prerequisite for Therapy

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