<i>In Situ</i> Intercalation Replacement and Selective Functionalization of Graphene Nanoribbon Stacks

Genorio, Boštjan; Lü, Wei; Dimiev, Ayrat M.; Zhu, Yu; Raji, Abdul‐Rahman O.; Novosel, Barbara; Alemany, Lawrence B.; Tour, James M.

doi:10.1021/nn300757t

Cited by 114 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…2a). To date, there have been several studies on graphene functionalization 14,16,23,24 based on the chemistry of donor-type graphite intercalation compounds. Nevertheless, most approaches demonstrate only a very low amount of functionalization (thus poor dispersibility), which is in good agreement with the early works of Bergbreiter and Killough.…”

Section: Preparation Of Ink With Functionalized Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet printing of graphene

2014

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The inkjet printing of graphene is a cost-effective, and versatile deposition technique for both transparent and non-transparent conductive films. Printing graphene on paper is aimed at low-end, high-volume applications, i.e., in electromagnetic shielding, photovoltaics or, e.g., as a replacement for the metal in antennas of radio-frequency identification devices, thereby improving their recyclability and biocompatibility. Here, we present a comparison of two graphene inks, one prepared by the solubilization of expanded graphite in the presence of a surface active polymer, and the other by covalent graphene functionalization followed by redispersion in a solvent but without a surfactant. The non-oxidative functionalization of graphite in the form of a donortype graphite intercalation compound was carried out by a Birch-type alkylation, where graphene can be viewed as a macrocarbanion. To increase the amount of functionalization we employed a graphite precursor with a high edge to bulk carbon ratio, thus, allowing us to achieve up to six weight percent of functional groups. The functionalized graphene can be readily dispersed at concentrations of up to 3 mg ml À1 in non-toxic organic solvents, and is colloidally stable for more than 2 months. The two inks are readily inkjet printable with good to satisfactory spreading.Analysis of the sheet resistance of the deposited films demonstrated that the inks based on expanded graphite outperform the functionalized graphene inks, possibly due to the significantly larger graphene sheet size in the former, which minimizes the number of sheet-to-sheet contacts along the conductive path. We found that the sheet resistance of printed large-area films decreased with an increase of the number of printed layers. Conductivity levels reached approximately 1-2 kU , À1 for 15 printing passes, which roughly equals a film thickness of 800 nm for expanded graphite based inks, and 2 MU , À1 for 15 printing passes of functionalized graphene, having a film thickness of 900 nm. Our results show that ink preparation and inkjet printing of graphene-based inks is simple and efficient, and therefore has a high potential to compete with other conductive ink formulations for large-area printing of conductive films.

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Section: Preparation Of Ink With Functionalized Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet printing of graphene

2014

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“…While both types of bottom-up approaches can achieve better control of the structures of GNRs, the complexity in the synthesis procedures and the relatively low yields are not ideal for mass production in large-scale applications. [3] Unzipping carbon nanotubes (CNTs): Multi-walled CNTs can be unzipped along the longitudinal direction to form GNRs [36,37]. Compared to the first two methods, this approach has the potential of mass production and lower costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-yield single-step catalytic growth of graphene nanostripes by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Hsu

Bagley

Teague

et al. 2018

Carbon

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a b s t r a c tWe report a single-step growth process of graphene nanostripes (GNSPs) by adding certain substituted aromatics (e.g., 1,2-dichlorobenzene) as precursors during the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Without any active heating and by using low plasma power ( 60 W), we are able to grow GNSPs vertically with high yields up to (13 ± 4) g/m 2 in 20 min. These GNSPs exhibit high aspect ratios (from 10:1 to >~130:1) and typical widths from tens to hundreds of nanometers on various transitionmetal substrates. The morphology, electronic properties and yields of the GNSPs can be controlled by the growth parameters (e.g., the species of seeding molecules, compositions and flow rates of the gases introduced into the plasma, plasma power, and the growth time). Studies of the Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy images, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy images, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and electrical conductivity of these GNSPs as functions of the growth parameters confirm high-quality GNSPs with electrical mobility~10 4 cm 2 /V-s. These results together with residual gas analyzer spectra and optical emission spectroscopy taken during PECVD growth suggest the important roles of both substituted aromatics and hydrogen plasma in the rapid vertical growth of GNSPs with large aspect ratios.

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“…The GNRs are 10-20 nm in width and consist of single-, bi-and tri-layer graphene. A potassium intercalation method is also used to longitudinally split the CNTs by James M. Tour [73]. Parashar et al reported a catalytic unzipping of CNTs method, based on the solubility of carbon atoms in nickel, to synthesize GNRs [70].…”

Section: Top-down Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Graphene Family Materials: Synthesis and Applications in Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2016

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Graphene family materials, including graphene quantum dots (GQDs), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and 3D graphene (3D-G), have attracted much research interest for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells and metal-air batteries, due to their unique structural characteristics, such as abundant activate sites, edge effects and the interconnected network. In this review, we summarize recent developments in fabricating various new graphene family materials and their applications for use as ORR electrocatalysts. These new graphene family materials play an important role in improving the ORR performance, thus promoting the practical use in metal-air batteries and fuel cells.

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In Situ Intercalation Replacement and Selective Functionalization of Graphene Nanoribbon Stacks

Cited by 114 publications

References 38 publications

Inkjet printing of graphene

Inkjet printing of graphene

High-yield single-step catalytic growth of graphene nanostripes by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition

The New Graphene Family Materials: Synthesis and Applications in Oxygen Reduction Reaction

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