Photoelectrocatalytic performance of a system is fundamentally
determined by the full absorption of sunlight and high utilization
of photoexcited carriers, but efficiency of the latter is largely
limited by inefficient charge transfer from the absorber to reactive
sites. Here, we propose to construct directional charge transfer channels
in a monolithically integrated electrode, taking carbon dots/carbon
nitride (CCN) nanotubes and FeOOH/FeCo layered double hydroxide (FFC)
nanosheets as a representative, to boost the photoassisted overall
water splitting performance. Detailed experimental investigations
and DFT calculations demonstrate that the interfacial C–O–Fe
bonds between CCN and FFC act as charge transfer channels, facilitating
the directional migration of the photogenerated carriers between CCN
and FFC surfaces. Moreover, the in situ oxidized Fe/Co species by
photogenerated holes trigger lattice oxygen activation, realizing
the construction of the Fe–Co dual-site as the catalytic center
and efficiently lowering the barrier energy for water oxidation. As
a result, the CCN@FFC electrode shows multiple functionalities in
photoelectrocatalysis: only a low overpotential of 68 mV, 182 mV,
and 1.435 V is required to deliver 10 mA cm–2 current
densities for the photoassisted HER, OER, and overall water splitting,
respectively. This directional charge transfer modulation strategy
may facilitate the design of highly active and cost-effective multifunctional
catalysts for energy conversion and storage.