<i>In vitro</i>
 algicidal effect of guanidine on <i>Prototheca zopfii</i>
 genotype 2 strains isolated from clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis

Alves, Ana Carolina; Capra, Emanuele; Morandi, Stefano; Cremonesi, Paola; Pantoja, J.C.F.; Langoni, Hélio; Vargas, Águeda Castagna de; Costa, Mateus Matiuzzi da; Jagielski, Tomasz; Bolaños, Carmen Alicia Daza; Guerra, Simony Trevizan; Ribeiro, Márcio Garcia

doi:10.1111/lam.12737

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, there is a constant need for new effective drugs against Prototheca algae. In a quest for such agents, various chemical compounds have been investigated including plant-derived flavonoids, polyphenols, essential oils, hormones (Turchetti et al, 2005 ; Buzzini et al, 2008a ; Tortorano et al, 2008 ; Wawron et al, 2013 ; Bouari et al, 2014 ; Grzesiak et al, 2016 ), animal-derived lactoferrin (Kawai et al, 2007 ), iodine-based products (Cunha et al, 2010 ; Salerno et al, 2010 ; Lassa et al, 2011 ; Răpuntean et al, 2015 ; Jagielski et al, 2017a ), guanidine (Alves et al, 2017 ) or silver nanoparticles (Jagielski et al, unpublished data). Although the results for some of these compounds are promising, their use seems to be largely limited to external and disinfectant (antiseptic) rather than therapeutic applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-Bromopyruvate as an Alternative Option for the Treatment of Protothecosis

et al. 2018

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Protothecosis is an unusual infection of both humans and animals caused by opportunistically pathogenic microalgae of the genus Prototheca. Until now, no standardized treatment protocols exist for the protothecal disease, boosted by a remarkable resistance of Prototheca spp. to a wide array of antimicrobial agents currently available in clinical use. Consequently, there is an urgent need for new effective drugs against Prototheca algae. In this study, the anti-Prototheca activity of 3-bromopyruvate (3BP), either alone or in combination with amphotericin B (AMB) was assessed in vitro, as well as the cytotoxicity of 3BP toward the bovine mammary epithelial cells and murine skin fibroblasts. The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum algaecidal concentrations (MAC) were 0.85 ± 0.21 and 2.25 ± 0.54 mM for Prototheca wickerhamii, 1.25 ± 0.47 and 4.8 ± 1.03 mM for Prototheca blaschkeae, and 1.55 ± 0.69 and 5.6 ± 1.3 mM for Prototheca zopfii gen. 2, respectively. For all Prototheca strains tested, a synergistic interaction between 3BP and AMB was observed, resulting in about 4-fold reduction of their individual MICs, when used together. The elevated content of intracellular glutathione (GSH) was associated with a decreased susceptibility to 3BP. Both epithelial and fibroblast cells retained high viability upon treatment with 3BP at concentrations equivalent to the highest MIC recorded (3 mM) and 10-fold higher (30 mM), with the mean cell viability exceeding 80%, essentially the same as for the untreated cells. The results from these in vitro studies emphasize the high activity of 3BP against the Prototheca algae, its synergistic effect when used in combination with AMB, and the safety of the drug toward the tested mammalian cells. Along with the advantageous physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic properties, 3BP may be considered an effective and safe novel agent against the protothecal disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-Bromopyruvate as an Alternative Option for the Treatment of Protothecosis

et al. 2018

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“…Prototheca spp. are pathogenic algae and opportunistic pathogens that cause mastitis in dairy herds and possess zoonotic potential (Alves et al, 2017;Dos Anjos et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: a comprehensive review

Sharun

Dhama

Tiwari

et al. 2021

Veterinary Quarterly

201

103

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Mastitis (intramammary inflammation) caused by infectious pathogens is still considered a devastating condition of dairy animals affecting animal welfare as well as economically incurring huge losses to the dairy industry by means of decreased production performance and increased culling rates. Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands/udder of bovines, caused by bacterial pathogens, in most cases. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical and subclinical forms of the disease. This underlines the significance of early and rapid identification/detection of etiological agents at the farm level, for which several diagnostic techniques have been developed. Therapeutic regimens such as antibiotics, immunotherapy, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, stem cell therapy, native secretory factors, nutritional, dry cow and lactation therapy, genetic selection, herbs, and nanoparticle technology-based therapy have been evaluated for their efficacy in the treatment of mastitis. Even though several strategies have been developed over the years for the purpose of managing both clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis, all of them lacked the efficacy to eliminate the associated etiological agent when used as a monotherapy. Further, research has to be directed towards the development of new therapeutic agents/techniques that can both replace conventional techniques and also solve the problem of emerging antibiotic resistance. The objective of the present review is to describe the etiological agents, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in brief along with an extensive discussion on the advances in the treatment and management of mastitis, which would help safeguard the health of dairy animals.

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“…The efficacy of some teat disinfectants containing iodine, quaternary ammonium compounds, and dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid has been reported [ 37 ], indicating iodine as the most suitable disinfectant. Guanidine is a further compound which is effective both as an antiseptic for human wounds and as a surface disinfectant yielding algicidal activity at low concentration on P. zopfii [ 8 ]. More recently, the in vitro effect of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate alone and in combination with amphotericin B was assessed on P. zopfii and P. blaschkeae isolates obtained from dairy herds of different European countries, showing a satisfactory anti- Prototheca activity [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protothecal mastitis poses an emergent problem in dairy herds [ 8 ], and is primarily caused by P. zopfii [ 9 ] and P. blaschkeae [ 10 ]. These algae induce severe granulomatous damage to bovine udders, leading to significant irreversible reductions in milk production [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Activity of 30 Essential Oils against Bovine Clinical Isolates of Prototheca zopfii and Prototheca blaschkeae

Nardoni

Pisseri²,

Pistelli

et al. 2018

Veterinary Sciences

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Protothecal mastitis poses an emergent animal health problem in dairy herds, with a high impact on dairy industries, causing heavy economic losses. Current methods of treating protothecal infections are ineffective, and no drug is licensed for use in cattle. The aim of the present study was to check the antialgal activity of 30 chemically defined essential oils (EOs) against Prototheca zopfii and Prototheca blaschkeae isolated from the milk of dairy cows with mastitis. A microdilution test was carried out to estimate the antialgal effectiveness of the selected chemically defined EOs. The microdilution test showed different degrees of inhibition among the examined Prototheca species. The activity of some of the examined EOs seem interesting. In particular, Citrus paradisi yielded the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration values (0.75%) for both algal species. P. zopfii appeared to be more sensitive to EOs in comparison to P. blaschkeae. The present study investigated the in vitro susceptibility of P. zopfii and P. blaschkeae to a wide range of EOs, obtained from different botanical families. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of EO-based formulations intended for the disinfection of both udder and milking products.

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In vitro algicidal effect of guanidine on Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 strains isolated from clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

3-Bromopyruvate as an Alternative Option for the Treatment of Protothecosis

3-Bromopyruvate as an Alternative Option for the Treatment of Protothecosis

Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: a comprehensive review

In Vitro Activity of 30 Essential Oils against Bovine Clinical Isolates of Prototheca zopfii and Prototheca blaschkeae

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