In vitro Anti‐Herpes Simplex Virus Activity of 1,2,4,6‐Tetra‐O‐galloyl‐β‐d‐glucose from Phyllanthus emblica L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Abstract

In this study, 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (1246TGG), a polyphenolic compound isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Phyllanthus emblica L. (Euphorbiaceae), was found to inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) infection at different magnitudes of activity in vitro. Further studies revealed that 1246TGG directly inactivated HSV-1 particles, leading to the failure of early infection, including viral attachment and penetration. 1246TGG also suppressed the intracellular growth of HSV-1 within a long period post-infection (from 0 h p.i. to 12 h p.i.), while it might exert an antiviral effect mainly before 3 h p.i. It inhibited HSV-1 E and L gene expressions as well as viral DNA replication but did not affect the RNA synthesis of IE gene in our study. Also, in the presence of 1246TGG, the synthesis of viral protein was reduced. Taken together, it was suggested that 1246TGG might exert anti-HSV activity both by inactivating extracellular viral particles and by inhibiting viral biosynthesis in host cells. These results warrant further studies on the antiviral mechanisms of 1246TGG and suggest that it might be a candidate for HSV therapy.

Antimalarial activities of medicinal plants traditionally used in the villages of Dharmapuri regions of South India

“…Our finding of the presence of antimalarial activity in Phyllanthus amarus is supported by previous reports which indicated ellagic acid (formed by hydrolysis of tannins) as the active constituent of an ethanolic extract of the same plant (Dhooghe et al, 2011). Xiang et al (2011) isolated a polyphenolic compound 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-␤-d-glucose (1246TGG) from Phyllanthus emblica having in vitro antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2).…”

Anti-HSV Activity of Kuwanon X from Mulberry Leaves with Genes Expression Inhibitory and HSV-1 Induced NF-κB Deactivated Properties

“…Time of Addition Assay Time-of-addition assay was performed as the report of Xiang et al 28) but with some modifications. Briefly, pre-chilled Vero cell monolayer was inoculated with HSV-1 at an MOI of 1, incubated for 60 min at 4°C and then 30 min at 37°C to ensure synchronous viral replication.…”

Cofilin 1-Mediated Biphasic F-Actin Dynamics of Neuronal Cells Affect Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection and Replication

“…The virus titers were determined by a plaque assay on Vero cell monolayers, as previously reported (44). To determine the effects of the chemical inhibitors on HSV-1 replication, SK-N-SH cells were seeded into 96-well tissue culture plates and cultured overnight in medium.…”