In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potentials of Syzygium caryophyllatum L. Alston

Abstract

Syzygium caryophyllatum L. Alston (Family: Myrtaceae, Sinhala: Heendan) is a red-listed plant that has been used in traditional medicine in Sri Lanka for the treatment of diabetes, but it is yet to be exploited for its potential uses as a functional food or a source of supplements. The present study focused on the evaluation of antidiabetic property of S. caryophyllatum fruits and leaves assessing antioxidant, antiglycation, and antiamylase activities and functional mineral element composition. The crude extracts (CR) of leaves and fruits were fractionated into hexane (Hex) ethyl acetate (EA) and aqueous (AQ) and evaluated for bioactivities along with the crude extracts. The isolated fraction (C3) of Hex fraction of fruit showed significantly high (p<0.05) antiamylase activity with IC50 value 2.27 ± 1.81 μg/mL where the Hex fraction of fruits exhibited the IC50 value as 47.20 ± 0.3 μg/mL which was higher than acarbose (IC50: 87.96 ± 1.43 μg/mL). The EA fraction of leaves showed highest values for DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Significantly high (p<0.05) ABTS radical scavenging activity and iron chelating activity were observed in Hex fraction of fruit. The composition of volatiles in leaf oil was studied with GC-MS, and 58 compounds were identified. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry data revealed the presence of biologically significant trace elements such as Fe, Zn, Mg, Cu, Se, and Sr in leaves and fruits. It is concluded that the Hex fraction of S. caryophyllatum fruits will be a good source for the formulation of supplements for diabetic management with further evaluation of potency and efficacy.

Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antibacterial Potentials and Chemical Composition of Salvia officinalis and Mentha suaveolens Grown Wild in Morocco

“…Additionally, monoterpenes have been reported to stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β -cells, reduce cellular oxidative stress, and modulate enzymes, proteins, and pathways that contribute to the development of IR and other pathological events, and thus, they were emerged as promising natural molecules to treat DM and a vast range of metabolic disorders [ 65 ]. Likewise, both humulene and caryophyllene have been documented as pluripotent free radical scavengers and α -glucosidase and α -amylase inhibitors [ 67 , 68 ].…”

Traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and phytochemical constituents of the genus Syzygium: A review

“…Methanol extract of fruits contained 12 compounds; among these, major compounds are 3‐piperidinamine; 1‐ethyl‐; N‐[3‐[n‐aziridyl]propylidene]‐3‐methylaminopropylamine; 1,3‐propanediamine; n′‐[3‐(dimethylamino)‐n–n‐dimethyl, determined through GC‐MS analysis (Sathyanarayanan et al., 2018 ). S. caryophyllatum leaves yielded essential oil upon hydrodistillation and identified 58 compounds through GC‐MS analysis; the major compounds are phytol; α‐cadinol; globulol; humulene; and caryophyllene (Wathsara et al., 2020 ). S. cordatum leaves yielded essential oil upon hydrodistillation and identified 60 compounds through GC‐FID (Gas chromatography analysis) and GC‐MS analysis; the major compounds identified are 6,10,14‐trimethylpentadecane‐2‐one; 2,3‐butanediol diacetate; n‐hexadeconic acid (Chalannavar et al., 2011 ).…”

“…Its methanol extract of fruits also showed antioxidant activity (Sathyanarayanan et al., 2018 ). Ethyl acetate fraction of S. caryophyllatum leaves and n‐hexane fraction of S. caryophyllatum fruits exhibited significant antioxidant activity (Wathsara et al., 2020 ). Methanol extract of S. cordatum plant was found to be more effective in scavenging DPPH free radicals and exhibited antioxidant activity (Mzindle, 2017 ).…”

“…Methanol extract of S. calophyllifolium barks reduced the blood glucose level and exhibited antidiabetic effect in streptozotocin‐nicotinamide (STZ‐NA)‐induced diabetic rats (Chandran et al., 2016 ). Hexane fraction of S. caryophyllatum fruits exhibited significantly high antiamylase activity with IC 50 value of 2.27 ± 1.81 μg/ml and also exhibited antidiabetic effects (Wathsara et al., 2020 ). Aqueous extract of S. cordatum leaves exhibited strong antidiabetic effects on streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats through lowering the blood glucose levels (Deliwe & Amabeoku, 2013 ).…”

Spatial distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of Kalametiya Lagoon in southern Sri Lanka; insight towards pollution status and socio-economic interactions

“…The sediment samples were digested and the analyses for selected heavy metals i.e. Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) carried out following the methodology described by Wathsara et al (2020) with minor modi cations.…”