In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers of Western Cameroon

Abstract

Medicinal plants play a key role in malaria control in Africa, especially in remote areas where health facilities are limited. In order to assess their acclaimed potentials, eleven extracts were prepared from seven selected plants commonly used in Western Cameroon, and tested both for their antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity. The antiplasmodial activity was assessed using Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay (pLDH) and the cytotoxicity estimated on LLC-MK2 monkey kidney epithelial cells. Seven extracts from five different plants were significantly active, with very weak or no cytotoxicity. The Dacryodes edulis leaves showed the highest activity (IC50 of 6.45 μg/mL on 3D7 and 8.2 μg/mL on DD2) followed by the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (IC50 of 8.72 and 11.27 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2 resp.) and roots of V. amygdalina (IC50 of 8.72 μg/mL on 3D7), Coula edulis leaves (IC50 of 13.80 μg/mL and 5.79 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2 resp.), Eucalyptus globulus leaves (IC50 of 16.80 μg/mL and 26.45 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2) and Cuviera longiflora stem bark (IC50 of 20.24 μg/mL and 13.91 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2). These findings justify the use of five of the seven plants in malaria treatment by traditional healers of Western Cameroon.

In Vitro Antiprotozoal and Cytotoxic Activity of Ethnopharmacologically Selected Guinean Plants

“…The effect against T. b. brucei was similar to previous reports on H. acida, C. sieberiana, and T. emetica [9]. In contrast to the strong antiplasmodial activity of Guinean V. guineensis, the apolar and polar extracts of the stem bark of V. guineensis from Cameroon exhibited weak activities against both chloroquine-sensitive and multiresistant strains of P. falciparum [10]. Moreover, the methanolic extracts of the leaves and stem bark of V. orientalis from Tanzania were reported to be inactive against multidrug resistant P. falciparum strain K1 [11].…”

In vitro inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum early and late stage gametocyte viability by extracts from eight traditionally used South African plant species

“…µg/ml against P. falciparum 3D7 strain (Zofou et al, 2011). These sesquiterpene lactones may be responsible for the observed inhibition of gametocyte viability by the crude acetone extract of A. afra.…”

Assessment of In vivo antioxidant properties of Dacryodes edulis and Ficus exasperata as anti-malaria plants

“…Previous studies have shown that the plants was multipurpose species in African folk medicine in the treatment of several diseases conditions. D. edulis exhibits considerably antiemetic, antiplasmodial, antidrepanocytary, (anti-sickle cell anaemia) antiinflammatory, antifungal (dermal) effect and F. exasperata is known for its anti-leishmanial, antidiabetic, anticonvulsant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, antiulcer, anxiolytic and hypotensive activities [17,25,[29][30][31] .…”