2007
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2007.00407.x
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In vitro assessment of water resistance of sun care products: a reproducible and optimized in vitro test method

Abstract: The aim of the study was to develop a simple reproducible and reliable in vitro water resistance (WR) method to assess the sun care products. This paper is the result of a scientific collaboration between seven different international industrial laboratories and testing institutes. The same group has already achieved an in vitro protocol for the sun protection factor (SPF) determination [1]. The in vitro WR of sunscreens was tested by applying the same principle as in vivo, which determines the percentage of r… Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(23 citation statements)
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“…A clear advantage or disadvantage of our in vitro SPF method compared with the in vitro method of Pissavini et al . or Hagens et al . cannot be stated.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…A clear advantage or disadvantage of our in vitro SPF method compared with the in vitro method of Pissavini et al . or Hagens et al . cannot be stated.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The higher the contact angle was after a sunscreen product application, the higher was the chance that the tested sunscreen was water resistant. Good correlation of in vivo and in vitro data was shown in three publications, which all came out in 2007 . Despite of the promising correlations in all three methods, a scatter in data was found which cannot be neglected.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 95%
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“…The exposure of UV solar radiation to Human body fabricates harmful effects on the skin, including sunburn, photoaging,[46] cutaneous malignancies,[47] local immunosuppression[48] and damage DNA. [4950] Although there are few methods are available by which persons protected themselves against the sun, evidence from paintings counsels that clothes to cover the body; veils and large brim hats were used by ancient Greeks, and umbrellas were used in aged Egypt, Mesopotamia, China and India.…”
Section: In Vitro Determinations Of Skin Care Formulationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This provides the opportunity to formulate sunscreens with improved water resistance [11] . Fortunately, processes have been developed that allow the validated measurement of water resistance of a sunscreen in vivo, whereas the in vitro procedures currently available are only able to deliver rather rough estimates of water resistance [12][13][14][15] .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%