In vitro bioactivity of different degree of deacetylation chitosan, a potential coating material for titanium implants

Abstract

Clinical treatment of orthopaedic tissue injuries often involves the use of titanium and titanium alloys with considerable research focusing on the surface modification of these materials. Chitosan, the partly deacetylated form of chitin, is one of the materials under investigation as surface coating for orthopaedic implants in order to improve osteo-integration and cellular attachment. In this study, we determined the effects of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of chitosan membranes on attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts. Chitosan membranes were coated with fibronectin to promote biocompatibility and cellular attachment. Membranes were characterized in terms of wettability and surface topography using water contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy. The results in this study indicate that the surface roughness and fibronectin adsorption increase with increased DD. A higher DD also facilitates attachment and proliferation of cells, but no induction of spontaneous osteogenic differentiation was observed. Lower DD chitosan membranes were successfully prepared to sustain attachment and were modified by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde to promote long-term studies. The chitosan membranes used in this study are suitable as a potential coating for titanium implants.

Osseointegration of chitosan coated porous titanium alloy implant by reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway under diabetic conditions

“…Owing to its so many advantages, chitosan has attracted considerable attention as an interesting tool to coat titanium implants for orthopedic applications. The amine groups in the chitosan polymer chains allow the layer to be covalently bonded to titanium for employing its bioactivity and positive effects [21]. According to the findings of previous study that a higher degree of deacetylation (DD87) facilitated attachment, proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblastic cells [21], we chose the 85e90% deacetylated chitosan for the research.…”

“…The amine groups in the chitosan polymer chains allow the layer to be covalently bonded to titanium for employing its bioactivity and positive effects [21]. According to the findings of previous study that a higher degree of deacetylation (DD87) facilitated attachment, proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblastic cells [21], we chose the 85e90% deacetylated chitosan for the research. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effect and the associated mechanisms of CS coating on titanium alloy surface under diabetic conditions.…”

“…Therefore, it grants antioxidative management a potential strategy in attempt to solve this dilemma. Chitosan, the partly deacetylated form of chitin, is one of the materials under investigation as surface coating for orthopedic implants in order to improve osseointegration and cellular attachment [21] because of its minimal foreign body reaction, favorable wettability, a suitable degradation rate and ability to be molded in various geometries [22]. More importantly, chitosan has been demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities [23,24].…”

Insights into the Alteration of Osteoblast Mechanical Properties upon Adhesion on Chitosan

“…Recent publication indicates that chitosan with increased DD is correlated with increased surface roughness and fibronectin. A higher DD was also shown to facilitate attachment and proliferation of cells [32]. Protein adsorption is a crucial event of the initial step of attachment and spreading of anchorage dependent cells and further affects subsequent cellular and tissue responses.…”

Solution casting of chitosan membranes for in vitro evaluation of bioactivity

“…We have recently developed a standardized and easily applied protocol for the solution casting of chitosan membranes spanning a wide degree of deacetylation, displaying favourable bioactivity by sustaining cell attachment and proliferation for extended culture time [18]. This protocol is suitable for the use of chitosan materials derived from varying chitin sources and the investigation of chitosan derivatives with modified properties.…”