In vitroeffect of branch extracts ofJuniperusspecies from Turkey onStaphylococcus aureusbiofilm

Abstract

Methanol and aqueous branch extracts of five Juniperus species were examined for their effects on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P and S. aureus 810 biofilm. The Turkish plant material was Juniperus communis L. var. communis, J. communis L. var. saxatilis Pall., Juniperus drupacea Labill., Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. oxycedrus, J. oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa (Sibth. & Sm.) Ball. The Juniperus extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis by thin-layer chromatography. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The effects of the extracts on biofilm formation and preformed biofilm were quantified by both biomass OD and the CFU counting method. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, coumarins, lignans, steroids, alkaloids and terpenes. For both strains, the MICs of all extracts were in the range of 4.88-78.12 mg mL À1 . On S. aureus ATCC 6538P, the effects of subinhibitory concentration (0.5 MIC) of the extracts were minimal on planktonic growth and on adhering cells, whereas they were greater on biofilm formation. Differently, on S. aureus 810, they showed only a rather low efficacy on biofilm formation. The extracts at 2 MIC demonstrated a good activity on a preformed biofilm of S. aureus ATCC 6538P.

Antibacterial Activity ofMulinum spinosumExtracts against Slime-ProducingStaphylococcus aureusand Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusIsolated from Nasal Carriers

“…For example, Marino et al evaluated in vitro effect of branch methanol and aqueous extracts of five juniperus species on the growth, adherence, and biofilm formation of S. aureus. All the extracts affected the biofilm development depending on the biofilm-forming strain capacity and, in our study, inhibited bacterial growth of all assayed strains [ 22 ].…”

“…Terpenoids, glycosteroids, flavonoids, and polyphenols are small molecules naturally produced by plants that can inhibit many bacterial species, particularly gram-positive organisms. These compounds are receiving sustained attention regarding their potential use since there has been strong evidence that they possess, in addition to antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory and antitumour properties [ 22 , 28 – 30 ].…”

Suppression of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae biofilm formation by Acacia mangium methanol leaf extract

“…The optical density of well contents was determined using a Multiskan Go UV Spectrophotometer set at 570 nm. Biofilm inhibition was calculated using a formula (Equation 1) suggested by Marino et al (2010):…”

In vitroantimicrobial activity of pistachio (Pistacia veraL.) polyphenols

“…The antibacterial properties of plant-derived compounds have also been attracting attention, mainly in view of the increased antibiotic resistance both in hospitals and in community-acquired infections (Moellering, 2006;Gould, 2008). Several studies reported the antibacterial activity of flavonoid-rich natural products, including propolis (Koru et al, 2007), nuts (Mandalari et al, 2010a,b), Juniperus extracts (Marino et al, 2010;Miceli et al, 2011), grape seeds (Adamez et al, 2012) and Citrus plants (Mandalari et al, 2007). The identification of new compounds with bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic effect has gained understandable interest, together with the several recent reports of flavonoids increasing the activity of antibiotics through synergistic interactions (Bernal et al, 2009;D'Arrigo et al, 2010;Eumkeb et al, 2010).…”