In vitro evaluation of the retention of three species of pathogenic microorganisms by three different types of toothbrush

Abstract

The retention and survival of microorganisms on toothbrushes pose a threat of recontamination for certain patients at risk. In order to measure the influence of brush design and optimize the choice of toothbrush model for complementary studies, the in vitro retention of three microbial species (Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Candida albicans ATCC 26555) was evaluated for three types of toothbrush. Two series of standardized experiments were carried out for each brush and microorganism. The first series tested the retention of the microorganisms on the head portion of the brush, while the second measured retention on the head of the brush and the part of the handle inserted in the mouth during brushing. For each series, the microorganisms were counted at T0 and T24 (after storage of the brushes at room temperature for 24 h). Depending on the microorganism studied, from 0.2% to 2% of the initial inoculum was retained on the brush. The number detected increased with the size of the exposed area. After 24 h, P. gingivalis and S. mutans were found on only one type of brush. C. albicans survived on all three. These results confirm that microorganisms can quickly colonize toothbrushes.

Effects of easy-to-perform procedures to reduce bacterial colonization withStreptococcus mutansandStaphylococcus aureuson toothbrushes

“…Although rinsing and drying for 24 h was similarly effective as chlorhexidine treatment alone, particularly after contamination with S. mutans, tooth brushing several times per day will usually not allow 24-hour drying periods. Reductions of this drying period would, however, presumably reduce the decolonizing effect, because the duration of drying is positively correlated with this effect [17]. For S. aureus, chlorhexidine treatment was superior to both rinsing and rinsing with consecutive drying.…”

“…Toothbrushes are colonized by a variety of different microorganisms [9,10,[17][18][19]. Two species with relevant importance for dentistry were chosen for the here described in vitro study.…”

Hábitos De Higiene Y Mantenimiento De Cepillo Dental Antes Y Después De La Aplicación De Un Material Educativo

“…Actualmente, se indica el cambio del cepillo dental cada mes; sin embargo, el recambio que se genera en la población estudiada es de 5.4 meses tiempo muy amplio que permite el acumulo de bacterias y la reinfección por las mismas. 1,2,7,9,10,17,18 No se encontraron muchos estudios que muestren el uso o no de desinfectantes del cepillo dental; sin embargo, se han sugerido algunas sustancias como hipoclorito de sodio o clorhexidina. 4 Este estudio reporto que los encuestados lavan el cepillo con chorro de agua y no utilizaban ningún método de desinfección antes de la intervención educativa pero demostraron cambios después de ella.…”

Quantificação e identificação morfológica e bioquímica para confirmação fenotípica de S. mutans e S. sobrinus, utilizando o meio de cultura SB-20 modificado: Estudos in vitro e in vivo

“…Por outro lado, Wetzel et al (2005) observaram contaminação nas escovas dentais mesmo após 8 horas de secagem. Outros autores observaram que, embora a contaminação das cerdas por S. mutans sofra uma diminuição com o passar do tempo, as escovas podem estar contaminadas mesmo 24 horas após o uso (Svanberg, 1978;Bunetel et al, 2000). …”

“…No entanto, após serem utilizadas, tornam-se contaminadas por microrganismos (Bezirtzoglou et al, 2008;Boylan et al, 2008;Ankola et al, 2009), incluindo bactérias (Pinto et al, 1997;Glass e Jensen, 1988;Kozai et al, 1989;Verran et al, 1997;Suido et al, 1998;Nelson-Filho et al, 2000;Warren et al, 2001;Kennedy et al, 2003;Quirynen et al, 2003;Nelson-Filho et al, 2004;Nelson-Filho et al, 2006;Aysegul et al, 2007;Efstratiou et al, 2007;Boylan et al, 2008;Balappanavar et al, 2009), vírus (Glass et al, 1994;Zarski e Leroy, 1999), fungos e leveduras (Feo, 1981;Bunetel et al, 2000;Bezirtzoglou et al, 2008), presentes na cavidade bucal e no meio ambiente externo (Caudry et al, 1995).…”