<i>In vitro</i> study on the effects of condensed tannins of different molecular weights on bovine rumen fungal population and diversity

Saminathan, Mookiah; Ramiah, Suriya Kumari; Gan, Han Ming; Abdullah, Norhani; Wong, Clemente Michael Vui Ling; Ho, Yin Wan; Zulkifli, I.

doi:10.1080/1828051x.2019.1681304

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Conversely, Kok et al (2013) found that L. leucocephala hybrid-Bahru (containing condensed tannins) when fed to goats, significantly decreased ruminal AF concentration. Saminathan et al (2019) reported that high MW fractions of condensed tannins had inhibitory effect on ruminal AF, but relative abundance of Piromyces 4 was increased indicating that this group of uncultured AF is likely to be tannin resistant. The mechanisms by which some AF species can overcome the growth inhibitory effects of condensed tannins or phenolic monomers is unknown.…”

Section: Anaerobic Fungi As Feed Additives To Promote Animal Health Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic Fungi: Past, Present, and Future

et al. 2020

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Anaerobic fungi (AF) play an essential role in feed conversion due to their potent fiber degrading enzymes and invasive growth. Much has been learned about this unusual fungal phylum since the paradigm shifting work of Colin Orpin in the 1970s, when he characterized the first AF. Molecular approaches targeting specific phylogenetic marker genes have facilitated taxonomic classification of AF, which had been previously been complicated by the complex life cycles and associated morphologies. Although we now have a much better understanding of their diversity, it is believed that there are still numerous genera of AF that remain to be described in gut ecosystems. Recent markergene based studies have shown that fungal diversity in the herbivore gut is much like the bacterial population, driven by host phylogeny, host genetics and diet. Since AF are major contributors to the degradation of plant material ingested by the host animal, it is understandable that there has been great interest in exploring the enzymatic repertoire of these microorganisms in order to establish a better understanding of how AF, and their enzymes, can be used to improve host health and performance, while simultaneously reducing the ecological footprint of the livestock industry. A detailed understanding of AF and their interaction with other gut microbes as well as the host animal is essential, especially when production of affordable high-quality protein and other animal-based products needs to meet the demands of an increasing human population. Such a mechanistic understanding, leading to more sustainable livestock practices, will be possible with recently developed-omics technologies that have already provided first insights into the different contributions of the fungal and bacterial population in the rumen during plant cell wall hydrolysis.

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Section: Anaerobic Fungi As Feed Additives To Promote Animal Health Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic Fungi: Past, Present, and Future

et al. 2020

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“…Condensed tannins have shown better protein efficiency and growth rate of lambs as it can protect dietary proteins (e.g., soybean meal) from ruminal degradation, leading to reduction in digestive losses (204). Recently an in vitro study of Saminathan et al (205) showed that tropical legumes having CT with different molecular weights can serve as potential feed additives to mitigate CH 4 production with no adverse effects on rumen fungal microflora and fiber digestion. Contrarily, Rira et al (196) reported that in vitro HT (A. nilotica) are more promising for suppressing methanogenesis than CT (from C. calothyrsus and L. leucocephala).…”

Section: Effect Of Tannins On Rumen Methanogenesis and Fermentation Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction

et al. 2020

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Ruminants inhabit the consortia of gut microbes that play a critical functional role in their maintenance and nourishment by enabling them to use cellulosic and non-cellulosic feed material. These gut microbes perform major physiological activities, including digestion and metabolism of dietary components, to derive energy to meet major protein (65–85%) and energy (ca 80%) requirements of the host. Owing to their contribution to digestive physiology, rumen microbes are considered one of the crucial factors affecting feed conversion efficiency in ruminants. Any change in the rumen microbiome has an imperative effect on animal physiology. Ruminal microbes are fundamentally anaerobic and produce various compounds during rumen fermentation, which are directly used by the host or other microbes. Methane (CH 4 ) is produced by methanogens through utilizing metabolic hydrogen during rumen fermentation. Maximizing the flow of metabolic hydrogen in the rumen away from CH 4 and toward volatile fatty acids (VFA) would increase the efficiency of ruminant production and decrease its environmental impact. Understanding of microbial diversity and rumen dynamics is not only crucial for the optimization of host efficiency but also required to mediate emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from ruminants. There are various strategies to modulate the rumen microbiome, mainly including dietary interventions and the use of different feed additives. Phytogenic feed additives, mainly plant secondary compounds, have been shown to modulate rumen microflora and change rumen fermentation dynamics leading to enhanced animal performance. Many in vitro and in vivo studies aimed to evaluate the use of plant secondary metabolites in ruminants have been conducted using different plants or their extract or essential oils. This review specifically aims to provide insights into dietary interactions of rumen microbes and their subsequent consequences on rumen fermentation. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of the modulation of rumen microbiome by using phytogenic compounds (essential oils, saponins, and tannins) for manipulating rumen dynamics to mediate CH 4 emanation from livestock is presented. We have also discussed the pros and cons of each strategy along with future prospective of dietary modulation of rumen microbiome to improve the performance of ruminants while decreasing GHG emissions.

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“…Tannins are a complex group of polyphenolic compounds which are produced by several plants as secondary metabolites in response to stress (Frutos et al 2004). Despite some authors showing that tannins decrease the rate of protein degradation in the rumen, many studies have found that this negative effect varies significantly according to the chemical structure of the tannin and to the amount included in the diet (Buccioni et al 2015a(Buccioni et al , 2015bSaminathan et al 2019). One controlled clinical trial reported that dietary chestnut extract administered as 0.02% of body mass had a toxic effect on liver function in newborn calves (Wieland et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of oral administration of chestnut tannins in preventing calf diarrhoea

Bonelli

Turini

Paganelli

et al. 2021

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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We evaluated the preventive effects of the oral administration of chestnut tannins (Castanea sativa) together with its potential metabolic effect on calf diarrhoea. Forty Italian Friesian female calves were included and divided into Group C (control group) and Group T (tannin-treated group). From the third day of life (T0) for the following 56 days (T56), calves from Group C received 2 L of warm water, while 10 g of chestnut tannin powder extract were added to Group T. Calves were weighed at birth and at T56. Daily faecal score evaluation was performed according to the literature. The age at diarrhoea onset (TDE) and the duration of the diarrhoeic episode were recorded. Blood methaemoglobin and liver enzymes were evaluated weekly starting from T0 to T56 by spectrophotometer and clinical chemistry analysis, respectively. The t-Student and chi-square tests were performed. The TDE was higher (p ¼ .04) in Group T than in Group C (12.0 ± 8.2 and 7.7 ± 3.8 days, respectively). There were no differences for ADG between the groups. Group C spent 24.4% of the whole period with diarrhoea, whereas Group T experienced diarrhoea for 18.9% of the period (p ¼ .001). All the blood and serum analytes were within physiological values. The administration of tannins in calves from the third day of life seemed to delay the onset of diarrhoea by almost four days, suggesting effective preventive action of chestnut tannins. HIGHLIGHTSThe oral administration of chestnut tannins in calves seemed to delay the onset of diarrhoea by almost four days, thus showing a preventive effect. The oral administration of chestnut tannins may lead to a better and shorter recovery of the calf, thus decreasing the use of antibiotics.

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In vitro study on the effects of condensed tannins of different molecular weights on bovine rumen fungal population and diversity

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Anaerobic Fungi: Past, Present, and Future

Anaerobic Fungi: Past, Present, and Future

Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction

Evaluation of oral administration of chestnut tannins in preventing calf diarrhoea

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