In vitrosusceptibility of the oomycetePythium insidiosumto metallic compounds containing cadmium, lead, copper, manganese or zinc: Table 1.

Abstract

Pythium insidiosum is an aquatic oomycete that causes pythiosis, an important and severe disease of difficult treatment that affects humans, domestic and wild animals. This infection is often described in horses in Brazil and humans in Thailand. In clinical practice, we have observed many cases that do not respond to available therapies, indicating the need to explore alternative therapeutic approaches. In this sense, studies using metal compounds in conjunction with available antimicrobial agents have been demonstrated greater antimicrobial activity. Thus, in this research, we tested in vitro activities of metallic compounds containing cadmium, lead, copper, manganese, or zinc against 23 isolates of P. insidiosum. The assays were performed by broth microdilution based on CLSI M38-A2 document. The minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations were established for all isolates. Copper acetate and cadmium acetate showed the highest inhibitory effects, with minimal inhibitory concentration ranging from 4-64 μg/ml and 16-256 μg/ml, respectively. The mean geometric for minimal fungicidal concentrations were, respectively, 26 μg/ml and 111.43 μg/ml for copper acetate and cadmium acetate. These results suggest that copper and cadmium can inhibit P. insidiosum growth, highlighting the greater inhibitory activity of copper acetate. In addition, our results propose that copper and/or cadmium compounds can be used in upcoming researches to formulate effective new complexed drugs against P. insidiosum in in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

Oomycete Communities Associated with Reed Die-Back Syndrome

“…Among the heavy metals analyzed, the concentration of cadmium was the only one that showed a significant relationship with oomycete distribution. The toxicity of cadmium for soil microbial biomass growth and metabolic activity is well-known ( Xu et al, 2013 ) and Cd 2+ concentrations has been demonstrated to affect soil microbial diversity ( Chien et al, 2008 ; Ribeiro et al, 2016 ). Several studies have also demonstrated the effect of Cadmium on P. australis fitness ( Ederli et al, 2004 ) and in RDBS ( Lastrucci et al, 2016a ).…”

PLASMÍDIOS CONJUGATIVOS ISOLADOS DO ENTEROPATÓGENO Shigella sonnei CODIFICAM SUBSTÂNCIA(S) ANTAGONISTA(S) E RESISTÊNCIA ANTIMICROBIANA

“…Nesse sentido, destacam-se as pesquisas com fármacos da classe dos antibacterianos (ITAQUI et al, 2016;JESUS et al, 2016;BAGGA et al, 2018;CHATTERJEE;AGRAWAL, 2018;LORETO et al, 2018), antifúngicos, tais como: caspofungina, micafungina, terbinafina (PEREIRA et al, 2007ZANETTE et al, 2015;ITAQUI et al, 2016) óleos essenciais e compostos naturais (FONSECA et al, 2015a, ARAUJO;BOSCO;SFORCIN, 2016;VALENTE, 2016a, b;), nanocompostos (VALENTE et al, 2016a); nanopartículas de prata (bio-AgNP) (VALENTE et al, 2018) e compostos metálicos (RIBEIRO et al, 2017).…”

Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum

“…However, miltefosine showed a favorable response in the rabbit model of pythiosis [151]. Copper acetate and cadmium acetate are metal compounds that exhibited anti-P. insidiosum activity with MICs of 4-64 and 16-256 μg/ml, respectively [152].…”