In vitrotoxicity of selected fungicides from the groups of benzimidazoles and demethylation inhibitors toCladobotryum dendroidesandAgaricus bisporus

Abstract

Twenty microfungal isolates were collected from diseased fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus sampled from Serbian mushroom farms during [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007]. Based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity tests, the isolates were identified as Cladobotryum dendroides. The isolates of C. dendroides and A. bisporus F56 and U3 were tested for sensitivity to several selected fungicides in vitro. C. dendroides isolates were found to be more sensitive to prochloraz manganese and flusilazole + carbendazim than to the other fungicides tested (EC 50 values were 0.09 and 0.11 mg L −1 , respectively) and weakly resistant to thiophanate-methyl (EC 50 values ranged between 6.53 and 12.09 mg L −1 ). Selectivity indexes of the tested fungicides on both C. dendroides and A. bisporus indicated that thiophanate-methyl, cyproconazole + carbendazim and flusilazole + carbendazim had much less selective fungitoxicity than benomyl, carbendazim and prochloraz manganese.

Impact of fungicides used for wheat treatment on button mushroom cultivation

“…Isolate of A. bisporus was capable to grow at flusilazole+carbendazim concentration of 0.05 mg l -1 , but growth was inhibited at 0.10 mg l -1 and higher concentrations. The flusilazole + carbendazim EC 50 for A. bisporus was 0.04 mg l -1 (Potočnik et al, 2009a).…”

“…Strain F56 of A. bisporus demonstrated the lowest sensitivity to trifloxystrobin and slightly higher to carbendazim (EC 50 values were 20.69 mg l -1 and 16.58 mg l -1 , respectively) (Potočnik et al, 2009a(Potočnik et al, , 2009b. Diamantopoulou et al (2006) (Potočnik et al, 2009a).…”

“…In addition, fungicides with different mode of action are currently used commercially in mushroom industry to provide control of many serious fungal diseases (Potočnik, 2006(Potočnik, , 2009Potočnik et al, 2005Potočnik et al, , 2008Potočnik et al, , 2010aPotočnik et al, , 2010bTanović et al, 2009 Potočnik et al (2009a) reported that strain F56 of A. bisporus was able to grow at mancozeb, thiophanate methyl, and carbendazim concentrations of 12.50 mg l -1 , while growth was severely inhibited at concentrations of 25.00 mg l -1 and higher. The respective EC 50 values of mancozeb, thiophanate methyl, and carbendazim were 6.97, 10.04, and 16.58 mg l -1 .…”

“…Potential chemical risks of several fungicides commonly used in wheat production in Serbia were evaluated for A. bisporus, regarding fungicide medium effective concentration (EC 50 ) (Potočnik 2006(Potočnik , 2009Potočnik et al, 2009aPotočnik et al, , 2009b, in order to determine whether fungicide residues in straw could be directly or indirectly responsible for changes in mushroom yields. In addition, fungicides with different mode of action are currently used commercially in mushroom industry to provide control of many serious fungal diseases (Potočnik, 2006(Potočnik, , 2009Potočnik et al, 2005Potočnik et al, , 2008Potočnik et al, , 2010aPotočnik et al, , 2010bTanović et al, 2009 Potočnik et al (2009a) reported that strain F56 of A. bisporus was able to grow at mancozeb, thiophanate methyl, and carbendazim concentrations of 12.50 mg l -1 , while growth was severely inhibited at concentrations of 25.00 mg l -1 and higher.…”

Aldehyde dehydrogenase variation enhances effect of pesticides associated with Parkinson disease

“…A concentration of 10 mM was selected because the 50% effective concentration values of pesticides against their targeted species are typically well above this concentration. [12][13][14][15][16][17] ALDH activity was measured in suspensions of neurons derived from the substantia nigra of newborn rats in the presence or absence of test compounds, as described previously. 11 Briefly, mesencephalic neurons (postnatal day 2-9) were dissociated and incubated with the test compound and Aldefluor assay.…”