In Vivo and In Silico Studies of Flavonoids Isolated from Pistacia integerrima as Potential Antidiarrheal Agents

Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Rashid, Umer; Bawazeer, Sami; Khan, Khalid; Mubarak, Mohammad S.; Aljohani, Abdullah S. M.; Khan, Haroon; Batiha, Gaber El‐Saber; El‐Esawi, Mohamed A.; Mishra, Abhay Prakash

doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c00298

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Previous studies also reported that gallic acid and ellagic acid are the important polyphenolics in PI, QI and TC. 19,39,[42][43][44] The percentage levels of the marker compound present in the aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of QI and TC with respect to PI are summarised in Table 6. Gallic acid and its derivatives were also reported earlier by several authors in PI, but the content of gallic acid was lower than that in our study.…”

Section: Determination Of Compounds 1-8 In Extracts By Lc-ms/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-MS/MS-based Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Aqueous and Hydro-alcoholic Extracts of Pistacia integerrima Linn., Quercus infectoria Olivier and Terminalia chebula Retz

Saini

Sawant

Zahiruddin

et al. 2023

Pharmacognosy Magazine

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Background Pistacia integerrima (PI) galls, being rich in polyphenolic compounds, owing to its high restorative worth and restricted assets and exorbitant utilization lead to the overexploitation of the species and availability issues. It is expected to categorise under the red list of threatened taxa. Ayurveda text Bhaishajaya Ratnavali mentioned Quercus infectoria (QI) as ‘pratinidhi’ or substitute of PI and Yogaratnakara (abhavvarga) text reference indicated Terminalia chebula (TC) having the same therapeutic character as in PI. Hence, this study was focused on the comparative quantification of major polyphenolic compounds in aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of PI, QI and TC by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Objectives The LC-MS/MS method was used for the determination of polyphenolic compounds in aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of PI, QI and TC. Materials and Methods The LC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of targeted polyphenolic compounds and validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantification. Analysis performed by LC-MS/MS 6460 C triple quad coupled with Agilent HPLC. The chromatographic separation was performed on the RP C18 column with gradient elution. Results The developed method of LC-MS/MS was used for the quantitative estimation of gallic acid, corilagin acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, rutin hydrate, ellagic acid, quercetin and morin hydrate in PI, QI and TC. As per method validation parameters, calibration plots were found to be linear, accurate, precise and specific for LC-MS/MS. The calibration plot exhibited an excellent coefficient of determination ( R2 ≥ 0.99), and extraction recovery was found 96.20%–103.71%. Gallic acid and ellagic acid are the most abundant compound among eight targeted polyphenolics in all extracts. Conclusion The finding of LC-MS/MS analysis of polyphenolic compounds in aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts indicates that PI, QI and TC are having phytochemical similarities up to an extent in polyphenolic compounds as a secondary metabolite; however, a firmer opinion can be formed after a comparative efficacy study and the evaluation of all three extracts.

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Section: Determination Of Compounds 1-8 In Extracts By Lc-ms/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-MS/MS-based Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Aqueous and Hydro-alcoholic Extracts of Pistacia integerrima Linn., Quercus infectoria Olivier and Terminalia chebula Retz

Saini

Sawant

Zahiruddin

et al. 2023

Pharmacognosy Magazine

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“…Karkatshringi helps to manage diarrhoea and stops the infectioncausing bacteria in the large intestine. The Pistacia integerrima galls extract and isolated compound acts as antidiarrheals by inhibiting mu and deltaopioid receptors 29 .…”

Section: Anti-asthmatic Activity: Pistacia Integerrimamentioning

confidence: 99%

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2023

IJPSR

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Karkatshringi (Pistacia integerrima) is an essential Ayurvedic medicinal plant belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. The plant originated in India and grows in the ranges of the north-western Himalayas. It is distributed over China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nepal. The flowers of this plant is small and red, fruits are shiny and brown. Galls are hollow, horn-shaped, bitter and used for medicinal purposes. Gall powder is most commonly used in diseases such as cough, diarrhoea, fever, etc. also effective against staphylococci, pseudomonas and Escherichia coli bacteria. The different parts of the plant contain amino acids, sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponin. In Pistacia integerrima, the volatile chemical constituents are extracted by hydro distillation or liquid-liquid extraction. Pistacia integerrimais associated with fungi which causes rust and blight diseases. Traditionally it is used for rheumatic pain, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. Karkatshringi is an important ingredient of Ayurvedic formulations like Chavyanprash, Dashmularista and Shringyadi Churna. Galls are used in the treatment of diarrhoea. Diabetic patients also use it. Essential oil of Pistacia integerrima was used for in-vitro studies like antioxidant activity, angiogenesis, and mast cell degranulation. Karkatshringi studied for its various activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-convulsant, muscle relaxant, etc. This article includes detail information of Pistacia integerrima related to chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. INTRODUCTION:As per Ayurveda, karkatshringi is the most important medicinal plant. The galls of Pistacia integerrima are typically used in the treatment of paediatric disease. According to Acharya Charaka, the plant consists of the Hikkanigrahan and Kasaharagana, which are explained in vatajKasa and Kapha 1 . As a moderate-sized, broadleaf tree, the karkatshringi can be found in Nepal, China, Afghanistan, Pakistan and the northwest& West Himalayas ranges 2 .

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“…31,32,43,54 anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, antidiarrhoeal Pistacia Integerrima stew. Ex Brandis [60][61][62][63][64] anti-pyretic, anti-spasmodic, anti-diarrheal, anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, Piper Longum Linn. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][44][45][46]65 anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, anti-asthmatic, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, immunomodulator, anti-platelet, analgesic, bioavailability enhancer, cardioprotective , neuroprotective, antibacterial Cyperus rotundus Linn.…”

Section: Medicinal Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balchaturbhadra churna as a potential medicine for SARS-Cov2 infection in pediatric setting: An In-Silico study

Choudhary¹,

Thrigulla²,

Gundeti³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Balchaturbharda Churna (BC), is four ingredients (Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Ex Royle, Pistacia integerrima stew. Ex brandis, Piper Longum Linn. and Cyperus rotundus linn.) Ayurvedic powder dosage form, which is commonly prescribed for treating fever, cough, diarrhea in pediatric setting.Objective: This present study evaluates the possible effect of phytochemicals from the ingredients of BC on SARS-CoV-2 main protease (MPro), RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and spike-ACE2 (SA) complex through in silico evaluation. Materials and methods: X-ray crystal structure of MPro and SA complex with PDB IDs 6LU7 and 6LZG and the SWISS model of RdRP were used as the drug targets. An enhanced docking methodology has been implemented to perform the molecular docking of these phytochemicals against the above-mentioned drug targets of SARS-CoV-2. DOCK 6 was used to perform docking of these phytochemicals. The ADMET and drug likeliness properties for these selected phytochemicals was performed using SWISS ADME. Results: The ensemble docking studies suggest that aconitine, lappaaconitine from Aconitum heterophyllum, 2’-hydroxyisorientin from Pistacia intergerrima and guineesine, pipercide and piperoic acid from Piper longum hold the potential to bind favorably with the SARS-CoV-2 drug targets. The drug likeliness and ADMET properties were calculated for these phytochemicals indicate that all the three phytochemicals from Piper longum were observed to have considerate drug-likeliness and ADMET properties. Aconitine has molecular weight slightly higher than 500 kDA and has more than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors. Conclusion: The in-silico study demonstrates that phytochmeicals from the ingredients BC viz., aconitine, lappaaconitine from Aconitum heterophyllum, 2’-hydroxyisorientin from Pistacia intergerrima and guineesine, pipercide and piperoic acid from Piper longum hold the potential to bind favourably with the SARS-CoV-2 drug targets. The study also provides evidence for drug likeliness and ADMET properties for these phytochemicals suggesting that BC can be further studied as potential drug of choice for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection in paediatric cases.

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In Vivo and In Silico Studies of Flavonoids Isolated from Pistacia integerrima as Potential Antidiarrheal Agents

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

LC-MS/MS-based Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Aqueous and Hydro-alcoholic Extracts of Pistacia integerrima Linn., Quercus infectoria Olivier and Terminalia chebula Retz

LC-MS/MS-based Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Aqueous and Hydro-alcoholic Extracts of Pistacia integerrima Linn., Quercus infectoria Olivier and Terminalia chebula Retz

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Balchaturbhadra churna as a potential medicine for SARS-Cov2 infection in pediatric setting: An In-Silico study

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