<i>In vivo</i>assessment of cold stimulation effects on the fat fraction of brown adipose tissue using DIXON MRI

Stahl, Vanessa; Maier, Florian; Freitag, Martin T.; Floca, Ralf; Berger, M.; Umathum, Reiner; Díaz, Mauricio Berriel; Herzig, Stephan; Weber, Marc André; Dimitrakopoulou-Strauß, Antonia; Rink, Kristian; Bachert, Peter; Ladd, Mark E.; Nagel, Armin M.

doi:10.1002/jmri.25364

Cited by 35 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Previously, it had been shown that the FF of a small region of interest (ROI) in paravertebral BAT dropped during cold exposure, which could be followed by serial MRI scanning. 30 The changes in FF, however, had not been compared with other parameters of BAT activity such as FDG-uptake or CIT. Active lipolysis in BAT which reduces FF may at the same time lead to a higher relative density of mitochondria and iron, and thus changes in R2*.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI characteristics of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in relation to cold‐induced thermogenesis in healthy human adults

Gashi

Madoerin

Maushart

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Background Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been proposed as a target to treat obesity and metabolic disease. Currently, 18F‐Fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is the standard for BAT‐imaging. MRI might be a promising alternative, as it is not associated with ionizing radiation, offers a high resolution, and allows to discriminate different types of soft tissue. Purpose We sought to evaluate whether supraclavicular BAT (scBAT) volume, fat‐fraction (FF), and relaxation rate (R2*) determined by MRI can predict its metabolic activity, which was assessed by measurement of cold‐induced thermogenesis (CIT). Study Type Prospective cohort study. Subjects Twenty healthy volunteers (9 female, 11 male), aged 18–47 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of 18–30 kg/m2. Field Strength/Sequence Multiecho gradient MRI for water–fat separation was used on a 3T device to measure the FF and T2* of BAT. Assessment Prior to imaging, CIT was determined by measuring the difference in energy expenditure (EE) during warm conditions and after cold exposure. Volume, FF, and R2* of scBAT was assessed and compared with CIT. In 11 participants, two MRI sessions with and without cold exposure were performed and the dynamic changes in FF and R2* assessed. Statistical Tests Linear regression was used to evaluate the relation of MRI measurements and CIT. P‐values below 0.05 were considered significant; data are given as mean ± SD. Results R2* correlated positively with CIT (r = 0.64, R2 = 0.41 P = 0.0041). Volume and FF did not correlate significantly with CIT. After mild cold exposure EE increased significantly (P = 0.0002), with a mean CIT of 147 kcal/day. The mean volume of scBAT was 72.4 ± 38.4 ml, mean FF was 74.3 ± 5.8%, and the mean R2* (1/T2*) was 33.5 ± 12.7 s‐1. Data Conclusion R2* of human scBAT can be used to estimate CIT. FF of scBAT was not associated with CIT. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1160–1168.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI characteristics of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in relation to cold‐induced thermogenesis in healthy human adults

Gashi

Madoerin

Maushart

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…Particularly non-radioactive imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have recently been pursued given that repeated PET/CT studies within the same individuals are limited due to the cumulative radiation exposure. Chemical-shift-encoded water-fat MRI allows to estimate the time-resolved fat fraction, which has been helpful to distinguish between WAT and BAT and also between active and inactive BAT (37, 38, 39). Other research is directed at testing alternative radiotracers beyond FDG (40, 41).…”

Section: Detection Of Active Human Batmentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of beige and brown fat in humans

Kiefer

2017

Endocrine Connections

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Promotion of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity or browning of white adipose tissue has shown great potential as anti-obesity strategy in numerous preclinical models. The discovery of active BAT in humans and the recent advances in the understanding of human BAT biology and function have significantly propelled this field of research. Pharmacological stimulation of energy expenditure to counteract obesity has always been an intriguing therapeutic concept; with the identification of the specific molecular pathways of brown fat function, this idea has now become as realistic as ever. Two distinct strategies are currently being pursued; one is the activation of bone fide BAT, the other is the induction of BAT-like cells or beige adipocytes within white fat depots, a process called browning. Recent evidence suggests that both phenomena can occur in humans. Cold-induced promotion of BAT activity is strongly associated with enhanced thermogenesis and energy expenditure in humans and has beneficial effects on fat mass and glucose metabolism. Despite these encouraging results, a number of issues deserve additional attention including the distinct characteristics of human vs rodent BAT, the heterogeneity of human BAT depots or the identification of the adipocyte precursors that can give rise to thermogenic cells in human adipose tissue. In addition, many pharmaceutical compounds are being tested for their ability to promote a thermogenic program in human adipocytes. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the various cellular and molecular aspects of human BAT as well as the relevance for energy metabolism including its therapeutic potential for obesity.

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“…In adults, however, there is a remarkable lack of easily distinguishable borders for e.g., the supraclavicular depot, which makes it difficult for a consensus to be reached on the optimal FF thresholds that should be used for specific BAT imaging (15). As a consequence, FF within human BAT has variously been described as circa 60% (16), 65% (17), 80% (18,19), and 94% (20) in elderly adults and different FF threshold levels have been used to segment BAT (19,(21)(22)(23)(24). Only one recent study explored the effect of specific FF threshold levels (0-100, 40-100, and 50-100%) on the cold-induced response in FF (25), but no analyses on other MR outcome parameters were explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Brown Adipose Tissue Estimated With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Undergoes Changes in Composition After Cold Exposure: An in vivo MRI Study in Healthy Volunteers

et al. 2020

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Abreu-Vieira et al. Heterogeneous Cold-Induced Changes in BAT Voxel-wise analysis showed that while cold exposure changed the fat fraction across nearly all thermoneutral fat fractions, decreases were most pronounced at high thermoneutral fat fractions. Conclusion: Cold-induced changes in fat fraction occurred over the entire range of thermoneutral fat fractions, and were especially found in lipid-rich regions of the supraclavicular adipose depot. Due to the variability in response between lipid-rich and lipid-poor regions, care should be taken when applying fat fraction thresholds for MRI BAT analysis.

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In vivoassessment of cold stimulation effects on the fat fraction of brown adipose tissue using DIXON MRI

Abstract: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:369-380.

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

MRI characteristics of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in relation to cold‐induced thermogenesis in healthy human adults

MRI characteristics of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in relation to cold‐induced thermogenesis in healthy human adults

The significance of beige and brown fat in humans

Human Brown Adipose Tissue Estimated With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Undergoes Changes in Composition After Cold Exposure: An in vivo MRI Study in Healthy Volunteers

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