In vivo evidence of hepato- and reno-protective effect of garlic oil against sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress

Abstract

Sodium nitrite (NaNO2), a food color fixative and preservative, contributes to carcinogenesis. We investigated the protective role of garlic oil against NaNO2-induced abnormalities in metabolic biochemical parameters and oxidative status in male albino rats. NaNO2 treatment for a period of three months induced a significant increase in serum levels of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, urea and creatinine as well as hepatic AST and ALT. However, significant decrease was recorded in liver ALP activity, glycogen content, and renal urea and creatinine levels. In parallel, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in glutathione content and catalase activity were observed in the liver and the kidney. However, garlic oil supplementation showed a remarkable amelioration of these abnormalities. Our data indicate that garlic is a phytoantioxidant with powerful chemopreventive properties against chemically-induced oxidative stress.

Antidiabetic effect of Merremia emarginata Burm. F. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

“…M. emarginata treatment has appreciably normalized the content of protein and urea. In response to STZ treatment, creatinine was increased in the serum, suggesting an impairment of kidney functions [43] . M. emarginata showed a clear improvement in kidney functions, perhaps due to the antioxidant properties.…”

“…The activities of both glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase are increased in the liver during the diabetic condition [43] . Treatment with M. emarginata has appreciably normalized the activity of these enzymes.…”

“…Increased urea production in diabetes might be due to enhanced catabolism of both liver and plasma proteins [43] . M. emarginata treatment has appreciably normalized the content of protein and urea.…”

Effect of Grape Seed Polyphenol on immune gene expression and it's Role as Antibacterial against Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice exposed to sodium nitrate

“…Also Monagas,(2010) ,who found that phinolic compound act asantibacterial due to these effects can be their chelating properties on iron, an important oligoelement for heme-utilizing bacteria On the other hand G 7 continued in its increased in bacterial count might be due to nitrate caused dejected host defense immunity ,that led to distribution of bacteria in the tissue ,in addition to immunotoxic effect of nitrate that helped bacterial invasion ,damage tissue and inhibited immune response and led to decreased bacterial clearance in all systemic organ , these result were in agreement with Pannala ,et al, (2003).who found that ingested nitrate is converted by microflora in the gastrointestinal tract to more toxic nitrit .In addintion that nitrate is a source of nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive oxygen as well as nitrogen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and superoxide anion (O2-), that causes damage cellular membrane through lipid peroxidation (LOP),as a result of high concentration unsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids (Hassan,et al, 2009) . Thus, weakness of the cellular membrane as well as a disturbance of membrane transport that led to damage tissue and impairs liver functions (Ogur ,et al, 2005).…”

The potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in a hypoxia model induced by sodium nitrite in testes of male albino rats

“…The condition begins from an inequality between the quantity of oxygen needed through the body and the quantity of oxygenated blood that is provided (Maher et al, 2008). Numerous studies have shown that the harmful impact of NaNO 2 induced hypoxia is related to inflammation, oxidative stress and methemoglobinemia, which induce injury and dysfunction of different organs (Al-Gayyar et al, 2014;El-Sheikh and Khalil, 2011;Hassan et al, 2009;Salama et al, 2013).…”