In Vivo Pulp Temperature Changes During Class V Cavity Preparation and Resin Composite Restoration in Premolars

Abstract

SUMMARY Objective: This in vivo study evaluated the influence of the sequence of all restorative steps during Class V preparation and restoration in human premolars on pulp temperature (PT). Methods and Materials: Intact premolars with orthodontic extraction indication of 13 volunteers received infiltrative anesthesia and isolation with rubber dam. An occlusal preparation was made with a high-speed diamond bur under air-water spray until the pulp was minimally exposed, then a thermocouple probe was inserted within the pulp. A deep, 2.0-mm depth Class V preparation was made using a high-speed diamond bur under air-water spray. Three restorative techniques were performed (n=7): Filtek Z250 placed in two increments (10-second exposure, shade:A2, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), Filtek Z350 XT (40-second exposure, shade:A3D, 3M ESPE) and Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill (10-second exposure, shade:IVA, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), both placed in a single layer. Bonding layer and resin composite were exposed to light from the same Polywave LCU (Bluephase 20i, Ivoclar Vivadent). The peak PT and the difference between peak PT and baseline (ΔT) values were subjected to two-way, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test (α=0.05). Results: Cavity preparation and etch & rinse procedures decreased the PT values (p<0.001). The 40-second exposure of Filtek Z350 caused the highest peak PT values (38.7±0.8°C) and the highest ΔT values (3.4±0.8°C), while Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill showed the lowest values (−1.6±1.3°C; p=0.009). Conclusion: None of the evaluated procedures resulted in a PT rise near to values that could offer any risk of thermal damage to the pulp.

In‐vitro pulpal temperature increases when photo‐curing bulk‐fill resin‐based composites using laser or light‐emitting diode light curing units

“…Consequently, it produced the lowest ΔT values. Such findings reinforce the previous reports that the PT rise is more closely related to the radiant exposure values (J/cm 2 ) received rather than the irradiance values from the LCU 27,33 …”

“…Such findings reinforce the previous reports that the PT rise is more closely related to the radiant exposure values (J/cm 2 ) received rather than the irradiance values from the LCU. 27,33 Of note, the rank of LCUs/RBCs based on the descending order of ΔT values in the Class I cavity (Table 4) differed from that observed from the Class V cavity (Table 5). The highest ΔT values in Class I restorations were observed during the 20 s exposure to the Valo X and Pinkwave (Table 4), while PowerCure combined with FB-Flow and TP-Flow caused the highest ΔT values in the Class V restoration.…”

“…To simulate the conditions in the oral cavity, the tooth was inserted in a warm water bath (Isotemp 2150 Immersion Circulator, Fisher Scientific Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA) up to the cemento‐enamel junction. Temperature measurements inside the pulp chamber were made under controlled physiological simulation at a basal pulp temperature of approximately 32°C, which is thought to simulate the baseline temperature of the tooth after etching and rinsing 27 . A tube was placed into the mesial root and connected to a peristaltic pump (Peristaltic Pump P‐1, Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden).…”

“…Temperature measurements inside the pulp chamber were made under controlled physiological simulation at a basal pulp temperature of approximately 32 C, which is thought to simulate the baseline temperature of the tooth after etching and rinsing. 27 A tube was placed into the mesial root and connected to a peristaltic pump (Peristaltic Pump P-1, Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden). The water flow rate through the tube into the pulp chamber was set to 0.026 mL/min.…”

Effect of Ceramic and Dentin Thicknesses and Type of Resin-Based Luting Agents on Intrapulpal Temperature Changes during Luting of Ceramic Inlays

“…However, the tooth differences regarding thermal changes are not accounted for in this model. Furthermore, this technique has limitations, as heat dissipation by pulpal, periodontal, and osseous circulation is not reproduced [ 46 , 47 ]. Thus, the temperature changes measured in this study cannot be directly applied under in vivo conditions.…”