2016
DOI: 10.1117/12.2212199
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In vivo switchable optical- and acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy

Abstract: Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) provides high resolution and large penetration depth by utilizing the high optical sensitivity and low scattering of ultrasound. Hybrid PAM systems can be classified into two categories: opticalresolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) and acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM). OR-PAM provides a very high lateral resolution with a strong optical focus, but the penetration depth is limited to one optical transport mean free path. AR-PAM provides a relatively gre… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…In another approach, an optical fiber bundle was used to deliver light for OR- and AR-PAM [ 28 ]. In this approach, they have used two separate lasers (high energy laser at 532 nm for the AR and a low energy high repetition rate laser at 570 nm for the OR), making the system inconvenient, expensive, and not suitable for applications including oxygen saturation measurements [ 29 ]. In any of these techniques, AR-PAM was not having dark field illumination and hence there were strong photoacoustic signals from the tissue surface.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In another approach, an optical fiber bundle was used to deliver light for OR- and AR-PAM [ 28 ]. In this approach, they have used two separate lasers (high energy laser at 532 nm for the AR and a low energy high repetition rate laser at 570 nm for the OR), making the system inconvenient, expensive, and not suitable for applications including oxygen saturation measurements [ 29 ]. In any of these techniques, AR-PAM was not having dark field illumination and hence there were strong photoacoustic signals from the tissue surface.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To overcome this issue, an AR-PAM system with higher penetration depth at the same laser wavelength can be a good alternative [ 53 ]. In particular, the integrated system OR-AR-PAM [ 54 , 55 ] could solve the depth issue in the melanoma area while maintaining the high resolution for monitoring the surrounding microvessels. Second, the 2D Hessian filter is limited when distinguishing between a tubular shape and plate-like shape and can erroneously classify the melanoma region center as several blood vessels that share a common origin.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This beam-combiner-based PAM is widely used in in vivo microvessel imaging in OR-PAM mode, and can also be used in AR-PAM mode using loosely focused light [39]. Because of this compatibility, a switchable OR and AR-PAM system can be implemented by changing a few optical components [40] or using an optical fiber bundle [41]. The fourth method, PAM based on a ring transducer, uses a US transducer with a hole in which light can pass through.…”
Section: Major Implementation Categories Of Pammentioning
confidence: 99%