<i>Kadsura japonica</i> fruits exert immunostimulatory and anti-obesity activity in RAW264.7 and 3T3-L1 cells

Geum, Na Gyeong; Son, Hong Hyun; Yu, Ju Hyung; Yeo, Joo Ho; Choi, Min Yeong; Lee, Jae Won; Baek, Jueng Kyu; Park, Gwang Hun; Jeong, Jin Boo

doi:10.1080/09540105.2021.2024151

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, the expression of iNOS protein was significantly reduced by TAK‐242, and TLR4 fluorescence was high in a concentration‐dependent manner of vacuoles through immunofluorescence analysis; thus, TLR2/4 is expected to be the representative TLR that recognizes vacuoles. Therefore, based on this study, it was confirmed that the increase in immune‐stimulating factors in macrophages by vacuoles was mainly dependent on TLR4 16 . Immunostimulatory factor secretion by macrophages was induced by the activation of signaling transductions such as MAPK and NF‐κB mediated by TLR activation 17 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…DEX, dexamethasone; LPS, lipopolysaccharide increase in immune-stimulating factors in macrophages by vacuoles was mainly dependent on TLR4. 16 Immunostimulatory factor secretion by macrophages was induced by the activation of signaling transductions such as MAPK and NF-κB mediated by TLR activation. 17 In macrophages, vacuoles confirmed immune response activation with the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of TLR2/4‐mediated phagocytosis and immune response activation pathways by vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Lee

Kim

et al. 2022

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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The vacuoles of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are closely related to mammalian lysosomes and play a role in macromolecular degradation due to the hydrolytic enzymes present inside. The vacuoles also regulate osmotic pressure and control cellular homeostasis. In previous results, vacuoles were shown to activate the immune response of macrophages by promoting the production of immune-mediated transporters nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of TLR2/4‐mediated phagocytosis and immune response activation pathways by vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Lee

Kim

et al. 2022

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…In addition, the expression of TLR-4 , an NF-κB pathway activation mediator [ 29 ], was higher in DJ-PPD-treated cells than in GE- and S-PPD-treated cells. COX-2 expression plays a rate-determining role in PGE 2 production [ 25 ], and TNF-α and IL-6 have been reported as enhancers of macrophage phagocytosis [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. The increase in IL-6 and TNF-α promoted phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ginseng Sapogenin Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice (DJ-PPD) on Immunomodulation

Monmai

Kim

Baek

2023

Plants

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Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a gut microbiome-induced ginseng metabolite, has positive immune effects. We previously reported the immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory effects of PPD-enricshed rice seed extracts in normal and inflammatory cell environments, respectively. In the present study, the immunomodulatory activity of PPD-enriched transgenic rice seed extract (DJ-PPD), which exhibited the highest immune-related activity among all available extracts, was compared with that of commercially synthesized 20s-PPD (S-PPD) and naturafigure s ginseng root extract (GE), in RAW264.7 cells. Compared with S-PPD and GE treatment, DJ-PPD treatment (i) significantly promoted NF-κB p65 and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) phosphorylation; (ii) upregulated IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, TLR-4, and TNF-α expression; (iii) and increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. However, there were no significant differences in the effects of the three treatments containing PPD-type sapogenin or saponins on nitric oxide (NO) production and phagocytic activity. In the inflammatory cell environment, DJ-PPD treatment markedly decreased the production of LPS-induced inflammatory factors, including NO and PGE2, as well as proinflammatory cytokine expression, by decreasing phosphorylated (p-)NF-κB p65, p-p38 MAPK, and p-JNK levels. Thus, DJ-PPD that does not require complex intestinal microbial processes to exert higher anti-inflammatory effects compared with S-PPD and GE. However, DJ-PPD exerted similar or higher immune-boosting effects (depending on inflammatory biomarkers) than S-PPD and GE. These findings indicate the potential of PPD-enriched transgenic rice as an alternative immunomodulatory agent.

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“…TNF-α is a crucial element in the normal immune responses associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and enhancement of macrophage phagocytosis activity [ 34 , 35 ]. IL-6 promotes the differentiation of T cells and B cells [ 36 ] and increases phagocytosis activity [ 37 ]. In the present study, compared with no treatment, treatment with PPD-producing transgenic rice seed extracts significantly increased the production of immunomodulatory factors, such as NO ( Figure 3 ), proinflammatory cytokines ( Figure 5 ), and proinflammatory mediators ( COX-2 and PGE 2 ; Figure 6 b), in RAW264.7 cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic Rice Seed Extracts Exert Immunomodulatory Effects by Modulating Immune-Related Biomarkers in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells

2022

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Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a native active triterpenoid present in Panax ginseng, has been reported to exert immune-related effects. We previously created PPD-producing transgenic rice by introducing the P. ginseng protopanaxadiol synthase and dammarenediol-II synthase genes into Dongjin rice. In the present study, the seeds of the T4 generation of this transgenic rice were tested for their immunomodulatory effects in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Treatment with transgenic rice seed extract in RAW264.7 cells (i) significantly enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity (up to 100 µg/mL), (ii) upregulated the expression of immune-related genes and increased production of the inflammation mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and (iii) activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by promoting the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells used to mimic the inflammation condition, treatment with transgenic rice seed extract significantly reduced NO production, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and PGE2 production, all of which are LPS-induced inflammation biomarkers, by inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, p38 MAPK, and JNK. Collectively, these results indicate that PPD-producing transgenic rice has immunomodulatory effects.

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Kadsura japonica fruits exert immunostimulatory and anti-obesity activity in RAW264.7 and 3T3-L1 cells

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Identification of TLR2/4‐mediated phagocytosis and immune response activation pathways by vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Identification of TLR2/4‐mediated phagocytosis and immune response activation pathways by vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Effect of Ginseng Sapogenin Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice (DJ-PPD) on Immunomodulation

Transgenic Rice Seed Extracts Exert Immunomodulatory Effects by Modulating Immune-Related Biomarkers in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells

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